Bjornstad Logo The Vikings of Bjornstad
Old Norse Dictionary
English to Old Norse
This dictionary, in both Old Norse to English and English to Old Norse versions, is derived from the sources listed at bottom. Some liberties have been taken with the English definitions to facilitate sorting them in a usable order. This is a work of data transcription, conversion, combination and formatting, with only a minor amount of scholarship thrown in. As a result, this dictionary should NOT be relied upon as unerringly accurate, and should only be used as an aid for further research.
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
1/100 (num) þóttumk
English ---   Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
a certain one, some, something (adj pron) eittsvat
a, a certain; any (adj) nakkvarr, nǫkkurr
a, an, a certain one, particular; only; einn saman, einn samt - only, alone; einir sér - by themselves, separately; at eins - only; þvi at eins - only on this condition; same; at einu - in the same way; æinn- some one; einna - of all (pron) einn
ability, courage; fame, growth, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck (m) frami
ability, knowledge  (f) kunnusta
ability, might, power; strength; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) megin
ability, skill, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) dugr
ability, talent, accomplishment; at atgørvi in ability (esp physical) (f and n) atgørvi
ability; might (m) máttr
able to fight; vígr vel - well-skilled in arms; er vígt var at - whom it was permissible to slay (adj) vígr
able to go; fœrr til - capable of (adj) fœrr
able to swim; sundfœrr of sæ - seaworthy, lit able to swim over the sea (adj) sundfœrr
abode, dwelling, settlement (f) bygð
abode, dwelling; place, spot; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
abode; company; host (n pl) sjǫt
abode; food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) vist
abode; skin, shape (m) hamr
about to die, doomed, fated to die; dead (adj) feigr
about, around; over; for; across, through; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
about, concerning; from (prep); away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) frá
about, round; over, across; past, through, throughout; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
above the surface of; from above, down; downwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of (adv) ofan
above, down to, over, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) ofan
above, over, at; across, upon (prep) yfir
above, superior to; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir
abroad (adv) útan-lands
abundance, multitude (m) fjǫlði
abundance, plenty (f) gnótt
abundant, enough (adj) nógr
abyss, space (mighty space), void ginnung
accomplishments, knowledge (f) kunnandi
accept, receive; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
accept; have; hold, keep, possess; take; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
accept; notice, perceive; know, recognize; þekkjast - know one another (v) þekkja (ð)
accept; receive; accept lodgings; þiggja undan - get one released (v) þiggja
accompany, follow; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
accomplish, perform (v)  fremja
accomplish, perform, do; win, gain; work; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
accomplish; relate; tell; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v)  inna
accomplished, educated (well educated) (adj) mannaðr
accomplished, well-bred (adj) menntr
accomplishment  íþrótt 
accomplishment, art; hafa hluti til menntar - have good parts, possess talents (f) mennt
accord (of one's own accord) sjálf-viljandi
account, report (f) sǫgn
account; talk, speech (n) tala
accuse, lay a charge against (v) kæra
accustom; train; af venjask - cease one's customary practice (v)  venja
accustomed, wont; usual; lacking; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) vanr
acorn (n) akarn
acquaintance (m) kunningi
across, above, over, at; across, upon (prep) yfir
across, over; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
across, through; over; for; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
act (as), behave; go, move, travel; fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) fara
act as the spokesman; túlka mál - plead one's case (v) túlka (að)
act, do; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
act, do; make; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) gera
act; do (v)  breyta
act; do, perform; make, build, compose; finish (v) gera (ð)
activity; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr
activity; success (m) thrif-lēkr (‡)
Adam (personal name) Adam
add; increase, augment; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) auka
adeptly, neatly, skillfully (adv) hagliga
adhere, stick to (v)  tolla (að)
administration, management; til forrað - for rulership forrað
adopt (v) æt-lēpæ (‡)
adorn; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
adultery, whoredom (m) hórdómr
advance, attack (f) framganga
advance; go in a certain direction; turn to; aim at; call, call together, summon (v)  stefna (d)
advance; go, walk; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask- attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga
advancement, benefit, profit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) frami
advantage (m) bati
advantage; koma at gagni - be of service (n) gagn
advantage; state, condition, affairs, character; means; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr
adventurous steed (m) kenni-Valr
adversary, enemy (m) andskoti
adverse, athwart; contrary; um þverr - across; þvers - abruptly (adj) þverr
advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; agreement; authority; intention; policy; wish; taka (til) ráðs - adopt a plan; resolve; sjá at ráði - think advisable; authority; good counsel, what is advisable; þykkja ráð - seem advisable (n) ráð
advisable  ráð-ligr
advise, counsel; consult about; rule; discuss; plot; set, arrange; decide; govern; prevail; have to deal with; go, take one's way; ráða á - progress, have to deal with interpret; go, take one's way; ráða aptr - return, hire, engage; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða heilræði - give one wholesome counsel; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða sinum (ráðum) - hold a conference; rēddo sik saman til hans dødh (‡) - they conspired against his life; ráða af - do away with, kill; decide, rule, govern; prevail; settle a poilicy; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða til - hire, engage; ráða um - consult about, discuss; ráðask til skips - go on board ship (ship/sailing term) (v) ráða
advocate, supporter, speaker on one's behalf formælandi
Æsir, one of the two major groups of gods (m pl) Æsir
Æthelred (personal name), King Æthelred II (the unready), b. c. 966 AD – d. 1016 AD (m) Aðalraðr konungr
affairs, state, condition, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr
affect, move; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
affection, friendship (m) kærleikr
affection, liking; mind; disposition; wits; sense; inclination (n) geð
affection, love (f) ást
affection, love (f pl) ástir
affection, love (f) elska
affinity; spilla sifjar - commit incest (f pl) sifjar
affirm; (refl.) prove to be true; sannaz - be affirmed, prove to be true (v) sanna (að)
affliction (f) beygja
affliction (f) hrelling
afloat á flot
afraid of the dark myrk-fælinn
afraid, frightened (adj) hræddr
after (prep) æfter (‡)
after (prep); afterwards (adv) æpte(r) (‡)
after, behind; for, to obtain; along; according to; after the death of; in succession to; in memory of; eptir landinu - along the coast; after somebody; þar eptir - after it; afterwards; behind; back; vera eptir - remain behind; honum varð eptir - he left behind (unintentionally) (prep) eptir
afternoon; snacking time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 3:00 p.m. (f) eykt
afterwards, since then; síðan er - since, because (conj) síðan
again, once more (adv)  endr
again; oftener (adv) optar
again; still; also; yet; further; moreover; even (adv) enn
against one's will, unwilling nauðigr, nauðugr
against the course of the sun (adv) rang-sœlis
against, towards, to, meet (prep) gegn
against; at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) at
against; towards (of time); contrary; meet, escort (prep) móti, mōte (‡)
age of storm (f) vind-ǫld
age, count of time aldartal
age, generation (f) ald
age, grow old (v) eldask
age, time; life; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) ævi
age; lifetime; old age; long period of time; vera við aldr - be well on in years (m) aldr
age; old age (f) elli
age; time; [poetic] man (f); mankind, humanity, world; human beings, men (f pl) ǫld, öld
aged, old (adj) aldinn
aggressive man (m) ákafamaðr
aggressive, fierce, terrible (adj) atall
agile; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
agree to, say 'yes' (v) já (ð)
agree to, say 'yes' (v)  játa
agreeable (adj) geðjaðr
agreeable, to one's mind (adj) skap-feldr
agreement (m) staþgi (‡)
agreement, atonement; reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; at sætt - as atonement (f) sætt
agreement; advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; authority; intention; policy; wish; taka (til) ráðs - adopt a plan; resolve; sjá at ráði - think advisable; authority; good counsel, what is advisable; þykkja ráð - seem advisable (n) ráð
ahead, further forward (adv) framar
ahead, in front, before; first, before; at hand, present; fyrir
ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); before, preceding; at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir
aid (f) hegnan (‡)
aid, help (n) fullting
aid, help, protection; inspection; appearance, shape (f) ásjá
aid, help; people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
aid, power (m) afli
aid, support; make, perform; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) efla
aim at; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; call, call together, summon (v)  stefna (d)
air, wind (m) vindr
alas! æ
ale; ale-party ǫlðr
ale; beer (n) ǫl, öl
ale-cask (n) ǫl-ker
Alf (personal name), Elf Álfr
Álfheim, World of the Elves (m) álfheimr
Alfred the Great (personal name) (m) Elfráðr inn rikki
alive (adj) lífs 
alive, living (adj) kvikr
alive, living, animate (adj) kykr
all over, in; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
all too; very (adv) helzti
all, each, every; who, which?; what; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) hverr
all, whole; every; entire (adj pron) allr
alleged son (m) kenningar-son
allegiance, loyalty, favor; grace (f) hylli
All-Father, i.e., Odin Alföðr
allot (lit scrape off for you); scrape, shave (v) skafa
allow (v) lufa (aþ) (‡)
allow, grant; not to grudge; love (v) unna
allow, let, permit; put, place, set; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
allow, permit; praise (f) lofa (að)
allow, permit; praise (v) leyfa
allowable to live (adj) lift
almighty almáttigr
almost, nearly; nearby (adv) ná-liga
alms-giving (f) almosa
alone; (when placed after the noun it modifies, einn can take on the meaning 'only') (adj) einn
along, against; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir
along; along with; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); bringing, carrying; using; by means of; among; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
alongside (laying of ships alongside for attack), attack (f) atlaga
already; before; first; until (adv) áðr
Alrek (personal name) Alrekr
also, as well (adv) bæði
also; so, thus, in this way; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) svá
also; still; yet; further; again; moreover; even (adv) enn
altar (heathen) (m) stalli
altar of stone, sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), temple hǫrgr
alter, turn, change; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) bregða
Althjof, Great-thief Alþiófr
although (conj) þót
although; there; since; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) þar
always  ávalt 
always, as often as possible; often, frequently; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) opt
always, ever, constantly, equally (adv) jafnan
always, ever; forever (adv) æ, ē (‡)
always; ē oc ē - forever ē (‡)
always; forever; ever ey
English ---    Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
am; em-k-a - I am not (v) em
ambitious, overbearing (adj) stjórnsamr
ambitious; daring; haughty (adj) stór-ráðr
ambitious; eager for fame metnaðar-gjarn
among, between; okkar í meðal - between us (our deaths) (prep) meðal, á meðal, í meðal
among; in, within; at (position); during (time); into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í
among; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
amount to, signify; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
amuse, entertain  (v) skemta
amusement , pastime (f) skemtun 
amusing, entertaining (adj) skemtiligr
An (personal name) Án
Anar Ánarr
ancestors (m pl) for-eldra (‡)
ancestors, forefathers (through the father's line) (m pl) langfeðgar
anchor (n) akkeri
ancient, old (adj) forn
and (conj); also (adv) but, though; ok þá - then; ok þó - although ok
and, but (conj) æn (‡)
and, but; than; when, if; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) en
and; and if; and indeed, moreover; even; even if; and also, and so; and yet (conj) enda
and; or; (introducing a question) but (conj) eða
Angantyr (personal name) Angantýr
angel (m) engill
anger, wrath; af reiði - in anger, out of anger (f) reiði
angle below the chin (f) kverk
angry  reiðr, vreiðr
angry, exasperated; bitter, acrid; painful, sore (adj) beiskr
angry, offended (adj) reiðr
animal, beast, living creature (n); animals, beasts, living creatures (n pl) kykvendi
animal; valuable thing (m) gripr
animal; wild beast; deer (n) dýr
animals; living being, creature (n) kvikindi
animate, living, alive (adj) kykr
anniversary, return of the same time in a year (f) iæmbling (‡)
annoyance, vexation (f) skap-raun
annoyance; offense (f) mótgørð
another, other; second, next; one (of two) (adj pron) annarr
answer (v) anzuara (aþ) (‡)
answer (v) svara (að)
answer, reply (n) svar
answers, replies (n pl) svǫr
ant; maurr haugr - ant-hill (m) maurr
anvil base; log, plank, piece of wood; wooden beam (m) stokkr
anvil point; spear (m) geirr
anvil with a sharp point  (m) nef-steði 
anvil, stithy (m) steði
anxiety, care (f) áhyggja
anxiety; think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
anxious, distressed, worried (adj) hugsjúkr
anxious, eager (adj) annt
any (in negative sentence); no, none (adj) neinn
any, some, a certain one; einn hverr - each, each one; any one (of several); einnhvern dag - one day (adj pron) einnhverr
anything whatever; everything (pron) hvatvetna
apparently, by sight (adv) sýnum
appear in a dream (v) droyma (d) (‡)
appear to be, seem; show; exist (v) sýna (d)
appear  yfir-brag 
appearance, demeanor; vel í yfirbraði - of distinguished appearance (n) yfir-bragð
appearance, feature, aspect (n) alit
appearance, looks; color(ing); complexion (m) litr
appearance, shape; help, aid, protection; inspection (f) ásjá
appertain to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve (v) fylgja (gð)
applause; alþýðu rómr - common opinion (m) rómr
appoint (v) nlgask 
appointment; direction, course; meeting; summons (f) stefna
appraise, evaluate, estimate, value; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) virða
approach; come up to  (v) nálgask
appropriate, truthful name (n) sann-nefni
arbitration; bend, arch; beygði kenginn - arched its back (m) kengr
arbitration; building, making; taka menn til gørðar - choose arbitrators (f) gørð
arch  kapp 
arch, bend (v) beygja
are (v) ru = eru
argue (v) ta 
argue, deny (v) þræta (tt)
Arinbjorn (personal name) Arinbjǫrn
arise, rise, stand up, get up; rísa upp - rise up, get up (v) rísa
ark ǫrk
arm (m) armr
arm (m); upper arm and forearm (m pl) handleggr
arm (v) vápna (að)
arm and hand, hand; side, part; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) hǫnd, hönd
arm, 'hawk's ground'; Hilldr valtægrs - lady (m) val-tæigr
arm, 'hawk-strand' (f) haukstrǫnd
arm, 'ring seat' (n) baug-set
armed (fully); a complete equipment of arms alvæpni
armed himself (v) væmpti sik (‡)
armlet, ring, bracelet; coil (m) baugr
armor (n pl) herklæði
armored, mailed, all clad in mail, in a byrnie albryniaðr
army hær (‡)
army, troops, host; great number (m) herr
army, war-force (n) herlið
Arngrim (personal name) Arngrímr
around (prep and adv) um-hverfis
around, about; over; for; across, through; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
arrange; haga til - contrive (v) haga
arrange; háttaðr - fashioned (v) hátta
arrange; stilla til um - make arrangements (v) stilla
arrangement; hafa tilskipan - make plans (f) til-skipan
array, dress; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) búa
arrival (f) atkváma
arrival (f) kváma
arrive, come; reach; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) koma
arrogant man (m) ofstopi
arrogant, proud, haughty (adj) stórlátr
arrow (f) ǫr, ör
arrow shot distance (n) kólf-skot
art (f) list
articles of trade, trade goods, wares (m) kaupeyrir
artifice (f) vél
artificer; smith; builder (m) smiðr
artist; jǫru fægir - warrior (m) fægir
as … as possible (with superlative); who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; where; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
as deep-witted, as deep-scheming, as resourceful (adj) jafn-djúpvitr
as if, that; who; which; as; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
as long as, while, whilst; in the meantime (adv) meðan
as old, of the same age (adj) jafngamall
as regards, concerning; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
as regards, concerning; over; for; across, through; around, about; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
as well, with it; (adv) með
as young (adj) jafnungr
as, as if; so, thus, in this way; also; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) svá
as, for, to obtain; in; of, concerning; on; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
as; how at því er
as; who, which, that; when; where; redundant; is (conj) er
as; who; which; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
ascertained vitaðr
Asgard, the residence or fortress of the gods (m) Ásgarðr
ash, ash tree; ash spear; small ship; the great ash tree Yggdrasill (m) askr
ashes (f) aska
aside from (prep) auk
ask for, request (v) æsta
ask, beg, command, tell, pray; bid; ask for; ask for a woman in marriage on behalf of another; biðjum - I ask for myself; biðja gera - command to be made (v) biðja
ask, beg; ask for, request on one's own behalf (v) beiða
ask, inquire, hear of (v) frétta
ask; crave, claim, demand; demand of; krefja máls - ask speech of one (v) krefja
ask; hear, hear of, learn, find out, be informed of; trace; spyrr engan at - asks no one about it, asks leave of none; spyrjat - do not ask; spyrjask eptir - make inquiry (v) spyrja (spurði)
ask; learn; hear of; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) fregna
assault, attack; violence (f) atganga
assault, fight (f) barsmið
assembly (legal assembly), meeting, lit thing (n) þing, thing (‡)
assembly-district (f) þing-há
asshole bacraut
assign (a seat); equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
assist (v) beina
assist, help; do, work; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) týja
assistance um-sýsla
assistance; obedience (f) hlýðni
assistance; strength (m) styrkr
astray, wild, erring; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed villr
asunder (adv) í sundr
asunder (adv) sundr, í sundr
English ---    Top a am at b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
at (position); in, within; during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í
at a point of time; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
at home (as opposed to abroad), within the land (adv) innanlands
at home; home (n) (adv) heima
at last of síðir
at once, at the same time; straight away (adv) senn
at once, forthwith ginstan (‡)
at once, immediately; already; þegar á morgin - the first thing in the morning; þegar á unga aldri - already by a young age; þegar um haustit - that very autumn; þegars - as soon as (adv) þegar
at once; jafn-skjótt sem - as soon as jafn-skjótt
at peace; reconciled (adj) sáttr
at that time (adv) í því
at that time, then; þá ok þá - at nearly every moment (adv) þá
at the same time jafn-snimma
at times, sometimes (conj) stundum
at, greet; by, close to, beside; with, (together) with; according to, after; reaching to, against, leaning against; to, toward, toward, at; in exchange for; by; because of; by means of; equal to; against (in a contest); þar við - for it; við at - for that purpose; þar viðr - in addition to that; við innan - inside; var viðr sialft - it was a near thing, they came near to (prep) við, viðr, with(ær) (‡), wiþr (‡), vidh(er) (‡)
at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) at
at, in; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
Athalstan (personal name), king of England, b. 895 AD - d. 939 AD (m) Aðalsteinn
atone for (v) rétta
atone for; reach, stretch up or out; raise; put right; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) rétta (tt)
atone or pay for; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; suffer on account of (v) gjalda
atonement, agreement; reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; at sætt - as atonement (f) sætt
attached to one's kin frænd-rœkinn
attack, advance (f) framganga
attack, assault; violence (f) atganga
attack, battle; time, while; storm; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð
attack, fight (f) sókn
attack; advance; proceed (v)  sœkja
attack; advance; proceed, go; seek; pursue; go to fetch; visit; come to; reach; sœkja at - rush at, assail; sœkja fram - advance, seek with hostile intent, attack; sœkja heim - go to see one; attack one in his house; sœkja í hendr - attack; (or getta) sótt - get successfully attacked, overcome; sœkja til - visit, come to, seek out; þeim muni illa sœkjask at vinna oss - it will be a hard struggle for them to master us; illa sóttisk þeim Gunnar - they had hard work to overcome Gunnar (v) sœkja
attack; alongside (laying of ships alongside for attack) (f) atlaga
attack; seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) leita (að)
attend to, be a quality of; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
attend to, guard, tend, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) gæta (tt)
attention, heed; gefa at gaum - pay attention to (m) gaumr
attractive beautiful, fair, (adj) fagr (ran)
attribute, dedicate; take possession of; eignask - get, claim, take, become the owner of eigna (að)
augment, increase; add; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) auka
aunt, father's sister (f) föðursystir
Aurvang (place name), Mudfield Aurvangr
authority (n) manna-forráð
authority, power; realm; kingdom (n) ríki
autumn, harvest season (n) haust
avail; help (v) tjá (ð)
avail; use; eat; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) nýta (tt)
avenge, take revenge (v) hefna (d)
avenge, take vengeance for; drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) reka, vrækæ (‡)
avenger (m) mis-yrki
average man; meðal á vǫxt - middle-sized man (m) meðal-maðr
await, wait for, remain, abide; suffer, undergo (v) biða (að)
awake (be awake), stay awake; watch (v) vaka
awake, get up (n) vakna
awake, wake, waken; rouse; vekja upp - wake up (v) vekja (vakti, vekte (‡))
aware; wary; var við - aware of; varr um sik - on one's guard; verð varr- become aware of, hear; varð ekki vart við þá - nothing was seen of them varr
away (adv) á brott
away (adv) í braut, í brott
away, off (adv) brott
away; away from; under (from under); from beneath; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) undan
away; out; forward, on; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) fram
away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv); from; about, concerning (prep) frá
awful, terrible (adj) ógurligr
awning up on a tent; tented tjaldat
axe (f) øx
axe with a long blade (f) breið-øx
English ---    Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
baby; child; offspring, progeny, family, kin kind
back hryggr
back (n) bak
back (upper part of back), shoulders (f pl) herðar
back oars (ship/sailing term), fall back (v) hamla (að)
back, again; in opposition (adv) gegn
back; aft; again; vara atir - remain behind (adv) aptr
backwards, turned the wrong way ǫfugr
bacon (n) flesk
bad, evil; ugly, unpleasing; difficult; gørask ilt til - become badly off for; varð þeim ǫllum ilt af - it made them all sick; ilt - evil (counsel, treatment, etc.) (adj) illr
badly, ill (adv) illa
badness; cruelty (f) illska
bag (m) baggi
bag (n); clothes; bed clothes (n pl) fat
bag for provisions nest-baggi
bag, bellows, pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag (m) belgr
bag, knapsack (m) kýll
bailiff, steward (m) bryti
bailiff; hostage; warder (m) gísl
bake (v) baka
bald (adj) kollóttr
ball, glans penis bqllr
ball, sphere (m) knǫttr
Baltic Lands; east (m) austrvegr
ban, forbid, prohibit (v) banna (að)
ban, prohibition (n) bann
band of men, host; people; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
band, company; troop; region; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) sveit
band, cord, bond, bind, fetter; the act of binding; (pl) bands, fetters band
band, girdle (m) fetill
bane, cause of death, slayer; death (m) bani
bane, harm, destruction, misfortune; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n)
bank (m) bakki
banner (n pl)
banquet, feast (f) veizla
baptism (f) skírn
baptize (v) cristna (‡)
baptize (v) skíra (ð)
bar, rail; short piece (m) spǫlr
bare, naked; unsheathed (of a sword) (adj) berr
bargain; wages; vera af kaupi - forfeit the reward (n) kaup
bark; scoff at; revile; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) geyja
barley-barn (f) bygghlaða
barn (f) hlaða
Barra Isles (f pl) Barreyjar
barren, unproductive (adj) ó-frær
barren; useless (adj) gœðalauss
bath; hot spring (f) laug
bathe (v) lauga (að)
battle (between armies), war, troop-slaying fólcvíg
battle (f) guðr
battle (f) hildr
battle (f) jara
battle (m) hjaldr (rs)
battle (poetic); folk, people, men; troop, host of warriors; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) fólk, folk
battle array, host (f) fylking
battle, attack; time, while; storm; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð
battle, drawing of the sword (n) egg-tog
battle, fight; beating, thrashing (m) bardagi
battle, fight; homicide, manslaughter, killing (n) víg
battle, 'meeting of weapons' (n) malm-þing
battle, play of iron (m) járnleikr
battle, 'storm of metal' (f) malm-hrið
battle, war (n) strīth (‡), striith (‡)
battle; clash hlǫkk
battle; clash of edges (f) eggþrima
battle; drawing of the sword (n) eggtog
battle; feast, festival; summons (n) bǫð, boð
battle; meeting; finding, discovery; á fund, til fundar við - meet, find; koma á fund - come to a meeting with (m) fundr
battle; þrúðr dolga - battle, the valkyrja Hild (n) dólg, dolg
battle; til orrostu - to or for battle; (f) orrosta
battle-axe age (age of the battle axe) (f) skegg-ǫld
battlefield (field of battle) (m) wēt-wangR (‡)
battlefield (m) vígvöllr
battlefield, scene of action (n) vættfang
Bavor Bávǫrr
bay, creek; sea; wave (m) vágr
bay; turn(ing) (f) vík
English ---    Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
be a quality of, attend to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
be able to, obtain, beget, persuade, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could; (v) geta
be able to; get, obtain, reach, catch, overtake; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)
be able; know, know how to; feel (an emotion); blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) kunna
be about to; will, shall; be sure to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) munu
be afraid (v) óttask
be allocated; receive; get (as one's lot); result; be obliged to (v) hljóta
be allowable (impers.); listen to, hear; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) hlýða (dd)
be amazed at, marvel at; wonder at, be astonished (at) (v) undrask (að)
be astonished, wonder at; marvel at, be amazed at (at) (v) undrask (að)
be at an end; up (position); raised up; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) uppi
be attached to, belong to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
be aware of; know; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) vita
be belligerent (v) þrasa
be broken; become loose; be torn up (v) losna (að)
be buried iōrthæs (æth) (‡)
be certain of; be aware of; know; understand; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) vita
be cloven, split (v) klofna (að)
be cold, become cold, freeze (v) kala
be current; play, sport; move to and fro; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) leika
be diminished, lessen (v) minka
be discovered, be found; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
be disheartened; sorrow; weep (v) syrgja (ð)
be fond of, love; elskask - love one another; elskask at - grow fond of (v) elska (að)
be found, be discovered, find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
be hanged (v) hængæs (‡)
be in a certain place; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
be in a place; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
be in a specified condition; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
be informed; learn; hear of; ask; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) fregna
be lacking; be lacking to one; skortir - one is in want of; one is short of, one lacks (v) skorta
be lacking; vantar - someone misses something (v) vanta (að)
be lost, perish (v) for-faras (‡)
be lost, perish; lose; forget; mistake (v) týna (d)
be lost; disappear; be missing; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) hverfa
be married or related to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga
be minded, be willing (v) nenna
be missing; disappear; be lost; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) hverfa
be moved, shake, tremble, quake, move; march (v) bifask (ð, að)
be necessary (impers.); need; have need of; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is neceessary (v) þurfa, thorfua (‡)
be obligated, must, owe, have to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga
be obliged to; receive; get (as one's lot); be allocated; result (v) hljóta
be opened (v) opnask (að)
be pacified (v) sefask
be pleasing, please; láta sér líka - allow oneself to be satisfied (v) líka (að)
be silent; keep one's mouth shut (v) þegja
be situated; lie (down); lie ill; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
be slain; fall, fall down; flow; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) falla
be slain; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
be softened (v) mýkjask (t)
be sprinkled; spring asunder; spring, burst, leap; snap; drive; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva
be suitable for, suited for; mean, bode (v) gegna (d)
be sure to; will, shall; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) munu
be thought, seem; think (seem to one); þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk - seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) þykkja (þótti)
be willing, want, wish, will; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) vilja
be without; lose (v) missa (t)
be, be ready; inhabit, live (in a place), dwell; prepare, make ready; array, dress; have a household, keep house; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) búa
be; last; stay; be done; happen; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡)
beach, ebb-tide, fore-shore, shore; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) fjara
beach, shore; sand (m) sandr
beach; strand; shore; coast; border; edge (f) strǫnd, strönd
beak; beard; lip; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) grǫn
beak; prow (m) (ship/sailing term) hǫfuðstafn
beam (ground beam for tent) berling
beam (the partition beam from a hall); wooden plank dividing up or marking the edge of the set (m) setstokkar
beam (wooden pole or beam for drying the washing) (m) vað-áss
beam of light; staff, goad (m) geisl
beam, log; tree; wood (n) tré
beam, timber, pole; ship áss
beam; tree; forest; wood; timber (m) viðr
beams (big beams) (m pl) stór-viðr
bear (m) birnir (pl) bjǫrn, björn
bear (n) bjarn-dýr
bear, bring, carry; wear; give birth to; overcome; endure; bear (witness); bera saman - collect; compare; bera ørendi sin (upp) fyrir - plead one's case before; tell one's errand (v) bera
bear, give birth to; bring up, raise (children); feed (v) ala
beard (n) skegg
beard; beak; lip; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) grǫn
bearded (adj) skeggjaðr
bearing to the east; from the east; east (of) (adv) austan
bearing to the west; western; from the west; west (of); fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) vestan
bearing, gestures, manner; voice; noise (n pl) læti
beast, animal, living creature (n); animals, beasts, living creatures (n pl) kykvendi
beast's heart (n) dýrs-hjarta
beat, bruise (v) beysta
beat, flog (v) hūþ-strȳkæ (‡)
beat, sail near the wind (ship/sailing term) beita
beat, strike, smite; berjask - fight (v) berja (barði, bariðr)
beat; maim; break; strike; smite; lemja í sundr - break (v) lemja
beating, thrashing; fight, battle (m) bardagi
beautiful, fair, attractive (adj) fagr (ran)
beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising (adj) vænn
beautiful, handsome, fine (adj) friðr
beautifully (adv) fagrliga
beauty (f) fegrð
beaver (m) biæuær (‡)
beaver that is thrall (m) biæuær-thræl (‡)
because of this; thus, therefore; for this reason; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because (conj) því
because of; from, out of; with; concerning (prep) af
because of; over; for; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
because, for af því at
become angry (v) reiðask
become cowardly (v) ergjask
become frantic (v) œðask (dd)
become loose; be broken; be torn up (v) losna (að)
become night; grow dark (v) nátta
become peopled, populated, full of people fjǫlmennask (t)
become spring (v) vára
become tired of; make tired of; lead (v) leiða (dd)
become white (v) hvítna
become, befit; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
become, beseem (v) sóma (d)
become, turn out, happen; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
becoming, fitting, proper; deserving (adj) makligr
becoming; honorable (adj) sœmi-ligr
bed (f) hvíla
bed (f) sæng
bed (m) beðr
bed; fara í rekkju - go to bed (f) rekkja
bed; room, space; seat (n) rúm
bee (f) býfluga
bee; unda bý - arrow, 'wound bees' (n)
beer; ale (n) ǫl, öl
beer; piece of leather (m) bjórr
beer-goblet (n) bjór-ker
beetle vifill
befall (v) hœfa (ð)
befall (v) t(h)īma (d) (‡)
befit, become; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
befit, beseem (v) sama
before, former, previous; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) fyrri
before, formerly (adv) fyrrum
before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; for, on behalf of; for, because of; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir
before, previously, sooner; fyrr en - before, sooner than, until (adv) fyrr
before; ahead, in front, before; first, before; at hand, present; fyrir
before; already; first; until (adv) áðr
beg, ask; ask for, request on one's own behalf (v) beiða
beget (v) aflæ
beggar, tramp (m) staf-karl
begin (v) byrja
begin to, proceed in; step (v) feta
begin; begin (with infin.); take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; undertake; choose; accept, receive; reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
begin; enter upon (v) byrja (að)
begin; lift, raise, heave; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) hefja
beginning (n) upp-haf
beginning; í firstu, í førstænæ - at first (f) fyrsta
behave (as if); put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
behave, act (as); go, move, travel; fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) fara
behavior, conduct; journey; dealings (f) ferð
behavior; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, habits (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr
behavior; energy (f) atferð
beheading, execution; blow, stroke, chop; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) högg, hǫgg
being in human shape, human likeness or form manlíkan
being, creature; supernatural being, spirit (f) vættr
belief (m) átrunaðr
believe, hold to be true; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
believe, think; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
believe; trust, have faith; trúa afli - trust in one's might (v) trúa (ð), trōa (‡)
bell (f) bjalla
bellow; yell, scream; twang (of a bowstring) (v) gjalla
bellows, pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag, bag (m) belgr
belly (m) kviðr
belong to, be attached to; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
belong to, pertain to til-høra (dh) (‡), til-hoyra (‡)
beloved, dear, close (adj) kærr
beloved, popular (adj) vin-sæll
beloved; sweet (adj) sváss
below; down (adv) niðri
belt (n) belti
bench (m) bekkr
bench (rowing bench), thwart (ship/sailing term) þopta, sessa
benches, boards of the benches (n) bekk-þili
bend (v) sveigja (ð)
bend down, bow; pay reverence to; lúta í - bend to; lúta ór horni - raise the head from the horn; lúta til - show deference to (v) lúta
bend forward to see, gaze, glare (v) gægjask (ð)
bend, arch (v) beygja
bend, arch; arbitration; beygði kenginn - arched its back (m) kengr
benefactor; supporter (m) styrktar-maðr
benefit gott
benefit, advancement, profit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) frami
benefit, help (m) beini
benevolent, loving (adj) ástugr
berserker (m) berserkr
beside, by, near; with; at one's place; at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) hjá
best (adj) beztr
best (adv) bezt
betray (v) svíkja
betray, trick (v) tæla
better (adj) betri
better known; known (adj) kunnr
better, compensate, make compensation, make amends for (v) bœta
better; more (adv) betr
bettering, cure, remedy; adornment; (f pl) compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f) bót
between, among; okkar í meðal - between us (our deaths) (prep) meðal, á meðal, í meðal
between; in (prep) milli
bewildered (n) wōrthæ-løs (‡)
bewildered, deluded (v) vill-hyggjandi
bewitch; practice sorcery (v) síða
bewitched; enchanted (n) elviscr (‡), elvist (‡)
beyond one's control ó-sjálfraðr
beyond; outside (of); externally; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) útan
bid; invite, order, command; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
Bifröst (another name for Bifröst) (f) Ásbrú
Bifrost, the rainbow bridge that connects Miðgarðr and Ásgarðr (f) Bifröst
big men, men of rank (n) stór-menni
big or strong man (n) afarmenni
big, huge, great (adj) stórr
big, loud mouth miklimunnr
big, stout; thick; deep (adj) digr
big, tall, great, large; much, very; severe; mikill fyrir sér - powerful, strong; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; miklu - much, by far (adj) mikill
bigger, more (adj) meiri
billow (v) bylgja
bind up (a wound); dress; bind, tie, fasten; pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda
bind, fetter (v) fjǫtra (að)
bind, fetter, band, cord, bond; the act of binding; (pl) bands, fetters band
bind, fetter; hinder, make difficulty; hold back, restrain (v) hepta
bind, tie, fasten; dress; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda
birch (n) bjarkan
bird (m) fugl, fogl
bird family or species (f) fuglakyn
bird speech, a bird's voice (f) fuglsrödd
birth (f) byrdh (‡)
birth (m) burðr
bishop (m) biskup
bishop's see; stool, chair; king's throne or residence (m) stóll, stōll (‡)
bison (m) vísundr
bit, piece, morsel (m) toddi
bit, whit (n) hót
bitch, female dog (f) bikkja
bitch, gripe beiskaldi
bitch; dog (n) grey
bite, bite through; rip apart; cut (v) bíta
bite, take effect on; fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) festa (t)
bits, fragments; piece (m) moli
bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful, sore (adj) beiskr
bitter, wretched, shameful, harsh (adj) herfiligr
Bivor (personal name) Bívǫrr
Bjarni (personal name) (m) Bjarni
Bjorn Fur-Skins (personal name) (m) Skinna-Björn
Bjorn's daughter (personal name) (f) Bjarnadóttir
Bjorn's Fjord (place name) (m) Bjarnarfjöðr
black svartr
black (pure black) (adj) alsvartr
black art, magic, sorcery (f) fjölkyngi
black tooth blatqnn
black; blue; dark (adj) blár
black; dark (adj) blakkr
blackish, swarthy (adj) sámr
blade; brand, firewood (piece of) (m) brandr
Blain (personal name) Bláinn
blame a person for a thing; know, know how to; be able; feel (an emotion); vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) kunna
blame, reproach (m) ámæli
blame, speak ill of (v) lasta
blasphemy (f) goðgá
blaze (v) loga (að)
blazing brand, firebrand (burning wood) (m) eldi-stokkr
bleating of sheep (m) sauða-jarmr
bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound) (v) dreyra
blemish, fault vamm
blend, mix (v) blanda (blett, -að)
blessed, happy; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
blind (adj) blindr
blind, sightless (adj) sjónlauss
blood (m) dreyri
blood (n) blóð
blood, 'point wave' (m) odd-breki
blood, ruddiness, vital warmth
blood, 'sea of the body' (m) ná-sær
blood, 'stream of the body' (m) ná-vimr
blood-eagle bloðorn
blood-stained (adj) dreyrugr
blood-stained; reddened (adj) roðinn
bloody (adj) blóðugr
blow in the face (m) kinn-hestr
blow, stroke (m) skellr
blow, stroke, chop; beheading, execution; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) högg, hǫgg
blow, swing, sweep (f) svipan
blow; blásinn - bare, stripped by the wind (v) blása
blowing out, snorting (f) fnǫsun
blue; dark, black (adj) blár
English ---    Top a b be bo c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
boar (wild) galti
board, strake, hull, plank (ship/sailing term); side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð
board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) borð
boards of a hall used for seating flet
boards of the benches, benches (n) bekk-þili
boast of, praise, flatter (v) hœla
boast; praise (v) hrósa
boastful (adj) hrœsinn
boasting (n pl) kǫpuryrði
boat (ship's boat) bátr
boat (small boat towed behind a ship) (m) eptir-bátr
boat (small boat), canoe; sledge-runner (m) keipr
boat, ship (n) skip
boat, small ship skúta
bode, mean; suited for, be suitable for (v) gegna (d)
body (m) líkami
body, corpse (n) lík, lik
body; shape, form (n) líki
bodyguard of a king or earl; court; the king's men, retainers (f) hirð
bog, fen (n) fen
bog, moor, swamp; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) myrr, mýrr
boil (f) kveisa
boil (v) vella (d)
boil, cook (v) sjóða
boil, sore (n) kaun
bold (adj) snarr
bold in battle víg-djarfr
bold in battle (adj) þing-djarfr
bold man, gallant fellow; warrior (m) drengr
bold of heart þor-móþR (‡)
bold, brave, gallant, valiant (adj) vaskr
bold, daring (adj) djarfr
bold, daring, courageous, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) garpr
bold, swift, keen; liberal, open-handed (adj) ǫrr (van)
boldly (adv) djarfliga
boldness; ability, skill, prowess; fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) dugr
Bombur (personal name) Bǫmburr
bondwoman (f) ambótt
bondwoman (f) hús-konæ (‡)
bondwoman; handmaid, maidservant (f) ambátt
bone (hollow bone of arms and legs); leg; leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) leggr
bone; ivory (n) bein
bones (heap), bone-pile (f) beinahrúga
book (f) bók
Book of Settlements (f) Landnámabók
Book of the Icelanders (f) Íslendingabók
booth, temporary dwelling (f) buð
booty; at herfangi - as booty (n) herfang
border, hem, end of cloak; sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) skaut
bored with a gimlet bor-móðr
born burin(n)
born out of wedlock oskilgetinn
both (adj) báðir
both, each of two (pron) hværr-tveggja (‡)
both, each of two (pron) hvárrtvegi, hvárrtvegja
both, in; bæði … ok - both … and (conj) bæði
both; who, which (of two)?; each (of two); at hváru - yet, however (pron and adj) hvárr
Bothvar (personal name) Bǫðvarr
bottom, ground (m) grunnr
bottom, ground; broad surface; surface of the earth, earth grund
boulder, rock, stone; cliff; crag; mountain (n) bjarg
boulder-strewn rocky ground; lava (n) hraun
bound, obliged; due; urgent; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; right; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) skyldr
boundary; banner, standard; token, mark, sign; sample; mikit merkjum - extensive, of wide expanse (n) merki
bow (m) bogi
bow (yew bow) (m) ý-bogi, ybogi
bow of yew; yew tree (m) ýr
bow; branch; besom (broom) (m) lími
bow; elm (m) almr
bowl (for hand-washing) (n) i muntlauki
bowlegged (adj) gleidr
bowline (ship/sailing term) bóglína, boglina
bowline, rope; line; bridal veil; linen headdress (f) lína
bow-string (m) bogastrengr
bow-string, flax, linen (m) hörr, hǫrr
bowstring; rope, cable (ship/sailing term); scroll (m) strengr
box, receptacle (m) skokkr
boy (n) svein-barn
boy, lad, servant; page (m) sveinn
boy, urchin (m) svein-stauli
boy, young man; man; son; (m); kindred (m pl) mögr, mǫgr
boy; man; warrior; hero (m) seggr
brace (ship/sailing term) aktaumr
brace (ship/sailing term) stoeðingr
bracelet, ring, armlet; coil (m) baugr
brain (m) heili
branch of learning, body of knowledge; wisdom (f) speki
branch, division; particular, detail grein
branch; bow; besom (broom) (m) lími
branches, limbs (f pl) limar
brandish (a weapon), draw (sword); move quickly; break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða
brass (f) mersing
brave, biting, keen, fierce (adj) bitr
brave, bold, gallant, valiant (adj) vaskr
brave, stout-hearted (adj) hraustr
brave, sturdy, vigorous (adj) röskr
brave, valiant (adj) drengiligr
brave, valiant (adj) frœkn
brave; eloquent, clever in speech (adj) snjallr
brave; good, fine; liberal (adj) góðr
bravely (adv) fræknliga
bravely (adv) hraustliga
bravely; manfully (adv) frœknliga
bread (n) brauð
bread-making (f) brauðgǫrð
breadnose braudnefr
break (faith or an oath); break off, move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); turn, alter, change; leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) bregða
break up (the court); gallop; make run (v) hleypa
break, be broken (vi) brotna (að)
break, break a hole in; rjúfa sáttmál - break an agreement or truce; rýfr veðrit - the weather clears (v) rjúfa
break, break up, break open, break into; destroy; violate; deal out, distribute; exert oneself; brjóta skip - be wrecked (ship); brjóta til rikis - fight for the kingdom; brjóta upp grjót - pull up stones; exert oneself, struggle; brjótask til rikis - fight for the kingdom (v) brjóta
break, breaking, opening (n) rof
break, burst, crash; bresta niðr - crash down; bresta upp - burst forth (v) bresta
break, violate (v) brýtæ (‡)
break; maim; strike; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) lemja
break; rend; snap; tear; slitit er þínginu - the assembly is ended; þar til er ór slítr - until it is quite finished (v) slíta
break; snap (v) slitna (að)
breakfast time; day time, a roughly three hour time of the day beginning about 9:00 a.m. (n) dagmál
breaking open of a grave-mound; grave destruction (n) hauga-brot
breast, chest (n) brjóst
breast, heart, 'shore of the mind' (f) mun-strǫnd
breast; grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang
breath (n) ør-indi
breath, spirit (m) andi
breath; life; spirit, soul (f) ǫnd, önd
breeches (f pl) brœkr
Breidablik, the hall of the god Baldr (n) Breiðablik
brethren of the boiling, those who eat together at the sacrificial feast (m pl) suþ-nautar (‡)
bridal gift (n) brúð-fé
bridal veil; bowline, rope; line; linen headdress (f) lína
bride, young married woman; wife (f) brúðr
bride-price (m) mundr
bride's veil; flax; linen, linen garment (n) lín
bridge; causeway built over swampy ground (f) brú
bridge; gangway; pier; landing-stage (f) bryggja
bridle (n) beizl
bridle, rein; ganga í tauma - fail, not be fulfilled (m) taumr
brief; short; fyrir skǫmmu - a short time ago (adj) skammr
bright (adj) bjartr
bright, clear (adj) heiðr
bright, clear; light; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) ljóss
Brimir, sword; (name of a sword); (name of a giant) Brimir
bring about, cause; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
bring up, rear; give birth to; feed; nurse; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) fœða (dd)
bring, move; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; , thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
bring, present, convey, send, give; hurl, smite; move; fœra hǫfuð - give onself up to another; fœra fram - bring forward; fœra upp - raise up; fœra fœtr við - brace one's feet against a pull; fœrask í - fall into (v) fœra (ð)
bring, take, get; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
bringing, carrying; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
broad; breiðir steinar - brooches; bíta breiðara - take bigger bites breiðr
broad-axe (f) boløx
broad-bladed spear (n) höggspjót
bronze; copper (n) eir
brook, stream (m) lœkr
brother (m) bróðir
brother and sister (n pl) systkin
brother-in-law; relative by marriage; father-in-law; son-in-law (m) mágr
brown (adj) brunn
brownish-gray with a dark stripe down the back brúnmóálöttr
bruise, beat (v) beysta
brush, smooth; stroke, rub, wipe; caress (v) strjúka
buck, fellow (used as a manner of address); bokki sæll - good fellow, good sire, boss (m) bokki
bucket, pail (f) bytta
buffoon, fool (m) dāræ (‡)
buffoon, minstrel, fool (m) lēkare (‡), lækari (‡)
build, forge, make (v) smíða (að)
build, make, compose; do, perform; act; finish (v) gera (ð)
build, make; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
build, timber, construct (v) timbra (að)
build; dwell; settle; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) byggja (gð)
builder; smith; artificer (m) smiðr
building of a stronghold (f) borgar-górð
building, making; arbitration; taka menn til gørðar - choose arbitrators (f) gørð
building, work (f) smíð
built, made; done; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) gǫrr (van)
bull (m) graðungr
bull (m) griðungr
buna (nickname of uncertain meaning, perhaps 'one with ungartered stockings,' i.e. hanging down his leg) (f) buna
bunch, cluster (m) kǫngull
buntline (ship/sailing term) gyrðingr
Bur, Odin's father Burr
burden, load (f) byrðr
burial monument, mound or cairn (frequently used on Danish or Swedish rune stones in the plural); sepulchral monument (n) kumbl
burial mound; grave mound; mound (m) haugr
burn, be on fire; burning (vi) brenna
burn, light, set on fire; brenna inna - burn (a person) in his house (vt) brenna (d)
burn, singe; smart, cause pain (v) svíða
burn; well; spring (m) brunnr
burning light; light, lantern (n) ljós
burst forth, spring up; start, spring; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) spretta
burst out, gush; erupt (v) gjósa
burst, break, crash; bresta niðr - crash down; bresta upp - burst forth (v) bresta
burst, spring, leap; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva
burst; jump, spring; issue forth; die from overexertion or grief (v) springa
bury, cover over, conceal, hide (v) hylja
bury; bury in a mound (v) heygja (ð)
Buseyra, a giantess killed by Thor (f) Búseyra
business; work (f) sýsla
but (conj) men (‡)
but (introducing a question); or; and (conj) eða
but little; scarcely; scantily (adv) vart
but when (conj) en er
but, and (conj) æn (‡)
but, and (conj); also (adv) though; ok þá - then; ok þó - although ok
but, and; than; when, if; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) en
but, except, save; unless (conj) nema
butter (n) smjör
button, fasten; pull (v) kneppa (t)
button-hole or loop (f) nezla
buy; pay for; make a bargain; dýrt kaupa - pay dearly for; kaupa at - pay, hire (v) kaupa
by (means of); onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
by means of; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
by no means, not (adv) ekki
by no means; far, far off; fjarri fór þat - far from it (adv) fjarri, fierri
by sight, apparently (adv) sýnum
by turns, variously (adv) ymist
by, near (prep) hōs (‡)
by, near; with; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) hjá
by; at, in; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) at
Byzantine emperor (m) Garðs-konungr
English ---    Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
cabin (back cabin); skutr munknarrar - memory (m) skutr
cable (ship/sailing term), rope; scroll; bowstring (m) strengr
cable, rope (twisted rope) (m) kaðall
cairn (f) varða
cairn (m) varði
cairn, grave (f) dys
cake of dung (f) myki-skán
calf (m) kálfr
calf-skin shoe (m) kálfskinn-skór
call to mind, remember; muna langt fram - remember from a long time back (v) muna
call up; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
call upon, summon; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
call, call together, summon; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at (v)  stefna (d)
call, cry out; say, declare; name (v) kalla
call, name, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named; pray to (v) heita
call, name; mention; næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) nefna (d), næmnæ (‡)
calling of witnesses, witness summons (f) vátt-nefna
calm (n) logn
calumny, slander (n) illmæli
came kam
can, be in a position to; be able to; may; could (v) kná (knátta)
can, may; be able to; má mér at - that may happen to me; vera má - it is possible; mega við - be able to withstand (v) mega
canoe (skin-covered canoe) (m) huð-keipr
canopy, tent; pavilion; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) tjald
capable of bearing arms; skilled in arms (adj) vápn-fœrr
capable, enterprising (adj) gørviligr
capital; chief place (m) höfuðstaðr
capricious, fickle, unpredictable (adj) margbreytinn
captain (of a ship), steersman (m) stýri-maðr
captain, commander, leader (m) foringi
captain, leader, chieftain, (lit fore-man) (m) formaðr
captain; leader; chieftain; chief, ruler (m) hǫfðingi
capture, take, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
capture; seize (v) handtaka
care (f) um-sjá
care, aid; patronage (f) forsjá
care, anxiety (f) áhyggja
care, care for, mind, hide, conceal; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) hirða (ð)
careful, wary (adj) gætinn
carefully, completely (adv) vandliga
carefully, intelligently (adv) skynsam-liga
carelessly (adv) óvendiliga
caress; stroke, rub, wipe; smooth, brush (v) strjúka
cargo (m) farmr
cargo, wares (m) varningr
carrion beast; wolf (n) valdr, val-dýr
carrion eater kamphundr
carrion, corpse (of the slain in battle), dead body (n) hræ
carry sail, sail; sigla með - sail along; sail past (ship/sailing term) (v) sigla
carry; bring, deliver; convey, move, remove; speak; tell, recite; plead (a case); flytja upp - unload (v) flytja
carry; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
carrying off (f) brauflutning
carrying, bringing; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
cart, wagon (m) waghn (‡)
carter (someone who drives a cart or wagon) (m) vagn-karl
carve, cut (runes), engrave; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) rista, rísta
carve; cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) skera
case; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; cause (n) mál
cask, vat; a measure (containing about 150 lbs. of wheat) (n) sáld
cast (v) gjóta
cast, throw (v) kasta (að)
cast, throw; deal out; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) verpa
castle (m) kastali
castle, fortress, stronghold; town; funeral pyre (f) borg
cat (m) kǫttr, köttr
catch of fish; bounty of the sea (m) sjávarafli
catch, get, obtain, reach, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)
catch, grasp, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang
catch, hunting, fishing (f) veiðr
catch, overtake; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
catch, take, capture, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
catch; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
catch; hunt (v) veiða
catch; obtain (v) hreppa
cat-skin and fur (n) katt-skinn
catskin glove (m) kattskinn-glófi
cattle (m) fénaðr
cattle (n) fí-lépi (‡)
cattle pasture (m) fjár-hagi
cattle, farm-cattle (n) búfé
cattle, oxen (n) naut
cattle; sheep; wealth, money; possessions (n)
cauldron (m) ketill
cause increase, multiply (v) œxla
cause of death, bane, slayer; death (m) bani
cause pain, burn, singe; smart (v) svíða
cause to be done, command; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
cause to hasten, hurry; hasten (v) skynda (d)
cause, bring about; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
cause, condition; right, lawful claim; law; treaty (m) réttr
cause, reason, sake; action; charge; offense; suit, lawsuit, dispute; fyrir sakar - on account of, because of, by reason of; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; sakir, sakar - because of, for the sake of; um viku sakar - for a week; sǫkum, fyrir sǫkum - because of (f) sǫk
cause; be the cause of; wield; have authority in; have in charge (v) valda
cause; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case (n) mál
cavalry charge áreið
cave (m) hellir
cave or stone dwelling; stone, rock; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) steinn
cease, stop; lift; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) létta
cease; risk, venture, stake (v) hætta
celebration, glory; gøra at ágætum - give great praise to (n); glorious deeds (n pl) ágæti
certain, wise; known; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) víss
certainly, in truth (adv) víst
certainly; firmly; fast, strongly, hard (adv) fast
English ---    Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
chafing, scorched, pinched (adj) skarpr
chain-mail shirt; mail (coat of) (f) brynja
chair, stool; bishop's see; king's throne or residence (m) stóll, stōll (‡)
challenge (v) bjóðja
challenge; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
champion (great champion, addressing Thor) (m); einherjar - slain warriors who dwell in Valhöll (m pl) einheri
champion (m) kæmpe (‡)
champion, a valiant man (m) hreystimaðr
champion, hero (m) kappi
chance; choice, alternative; offer; opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) kostr
change of mood (n) skap-skipti
change, turn, alter; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða
change; crew (f) skipan
change; divide; share; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) skipta
change; umskipti er á orðit - a decision has been reached (n) um-skipti
changeable (n) hverfr
character, disposition (m) skap-leikr
character, state, condition, affairs; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr
character; manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund
characteristic(s), nature eðli
charcoal, coals, cinders (n pl) kol
charge; payment (f) ūt-gift (‡)
chariot; riding (f) reið
charm; stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; formula (m) formáli
charms, mysteries (f pl); rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing (f) rún
charms, talisman (n pl) taufr
chase, pursue; cast down (v) elta
chasm, gap, gaping gap
chatter (v) hjala
chatter (v) klaka (að)
cheek kinn
cheerful (adj) reifr
cheerful in speech (adj) glaðmæltr
cheerful, glad, merry (adj) glaðr
cheerful, merry; frolicsome (adj) teitr
cheerful; merry (adj) kátr
cheese (m) óst (‡)
chest, box (f) kista
chest, breast (n) brjóst
chicken hœnsa
chickweed (heap of chickweed) (f) arfa-sáta
chief place; capital (m) höfuðstaðr
chief, chieftain; priest (m) goði
chief, king (m) hilmir
chieftain, captain, leader, (lit fore-man) (m) formaðr
chieftain, chief; priest (m) goði
chieftain, leader (m) yfir-maðr
chieftain; leader; captain; chief, ruler (m) hǫfðingi
chieftaincy (n) goðorð
child (n) barn
child; baby; offspring, progeny, family, kin kind
childhood (f) barnœska
chip, shaving; spoon (m) spánn
choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) kostr
choose (v) velja
choose, select; pick out something for someone, determine; acquire something for someone; kjósa sik hér - prefer to be here (v) kjósa
choose; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
chop, blow, stroke; beheading, execution; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) högg, hǫgg
Christ (m) Kristr
Christian (adj) Kristinn
Christianity cristin-dömer (‡)
Christianity (f) Kristni
Christmas Eve jóla-aptann
church (f) kirkja
churl; man; old man; common man; Þorsteinn karl - old Thorstein, old man Thorstein - (m) karl
cinders, charcoal, coals (n pl) kol
circle, disk, orb (f) kringla
circle, ring (m) hringr
claim (n) tilkall
claim; recover; get back; draw, summon (v) heimta (t)
clang, clash; song; singing (m) sǫngr
clash (n) hnit
clash, clang; song; singing (m) sǫngr
clash, crack (v) gnesta
clash, dash noisily, clatter, rattle; roar; resound (v) glymja
clash, din; gnýr malma - battle, 'clash of weapons' (m) gnýr
clash; battle hlǫkk
clashed, clanged (v) hlam
clashing (f) brǫkon, brokun
clashing (n) gnat
clasp, span; spenna sik - gird oneself with (v) spenna (t)
clatter, dash noisily, rattle, clash; roar; resound (v) glymja
clean hands hladhqnd
clear (adj) skiær (‡)
clear (of defenders), strip (v) hrjóða
clear, bright (adj) heiðr
clear, clear-sighted gløggr
clear, empty, prepare, pile up (or clear away) (v) ryðja
clear, evident auðsýnn, auðsynn
clear, manifest; gøra skýrt - make definite (adj) skýrr
clear; light, bright; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) ljóss
clear; urgent brýnn
clearing, open space in a forest (n) rjóðr
cleave, split (up) (v) kljúfa
cleaver (skull cleaver) hausakljufr
cleaver, sword (short sword) (f) skálm
clench rivets, rivet (v) hnjóða
clench, harden (v) herða
clever in speech, eloquent; brave (adj) snjallr
clever, crafty (adj) slœgr
clever, moderately or middling wise (adj) meðal-snotr (ran)
clever, wise (adj) snotr (ran)
clever, wise, well-informed (especially in history) (adj) fróðr
clew line (ship/sailing term) hefill
clew up (haul the lower corners of a square-rig sail up to the yard by means of the clew lines) (v) (ship/sailing term) halsa
cliff, crag; hammer (m) hamarr
cliff; rock, stone, boulder; crag; mountain (n) bjarg
climb (v) klífa
climb; leap, spring; run; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) hlaupa
clinch on a sword's hilt (f) hug-ró
cloak (f) skikkja
cloak (m) feldr
cloak with straps (m) tugla-mǫttull
close hand-to-hand fight (f) hǫgg-orrosta
close to, close by, closely, near, nearer, nearly; when; næst - nearer, next; því næst - thereupon, next; þessu næst - after this; þat er nú þessu næst at - the next event to be told is that (adv) nær
close together þrǫngr (van)
close, dear, beloved (adj) kærr
close, near; mun nálægt verða - it will be a near thing (adj) ná-lægr
close, thick; sem þykkvast - as close as possible (adj) þykkr (van)
close; finish, end; use up; shut; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) lúka
cloth, garment (n); clothing (n pl) klæði
cloth, stuff; mailcoat (n) skrúð
cloth; (pl.) clothes váð
clothe; get dressed (v) klæða (dd)
clothes váðir
clothes (f pl) vaðir
clothes (f) ript
clothes; bed clothes (n pl); bag (n) fat
clothes; linen (n) lérept
cloud (n) ský, sky
clouds (dense clouds with opening in them) (f) glugga-þykkn
English ---    Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
coast without a harbor (open, harborless coast) (n) ør-œfi
coast; beach; strand; shore; border; edge (f) strǫnd, strönd
coastguard, watchman; guard, watch; warden (m) vorðr, vörðr
coat of ring mail (f) ringhabrynia (‡)
coat, feather-coat, feather skin; shape (m) fjaðrhamr
coat, kirtle (f) skyrta
cock (m) hani
coil; ring, bracelet, armlet (m) baugr
coin, money; penny; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; 1/10 eyrir; piece of property, article; penningar miklir - a good sum of money (m) penningr
cold (adj) kaldr
cold, cool (adj) svalr
cold, reserved; few; little; a small number; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) fár
Cold-Back Mountain (n) Kaldbak
coldly; slowly (adv) seint
collect, gather (v) safna
collect; gather (v) samka
collect; gather (v) samna
color(ing); looks, appearance; complexion (m) litr
color, fashion (runes) (v) fá (ð)
color, stain (v) stēna (t) (‡)
colored (dyed) clothes litklæði
colorless, pale (adj) litlauss
comb (m) kambr
combat (single) en-wīgh (‡)
come to pass, happen; reach, touch, strike against; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; begin (with infin.); undertake; choose; accept, receive; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
come, arrive; reach; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn (v) koma
comfort, consolation (f) huggan
comfortable; easy, convenient, possible; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
command, cause to be done; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
command, invite, order; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
command, rule over, govern (v) stjórna
command, steer, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
commander; duke (m) hertogi
commandment boðorð
commemorate with a funeral feast; inherit; throw a funeral feast (v) erfa (ð)
commend, make over; hide, conceal (v) fela
commit (v) andvarða
committee, council (f) næmd (‡)
common sense, human intelligence; intelligence (n) mannvit
commonly, usually (adv) hversdagliga
commons, people (m) al-mög(h)e (‡)
community of food; leggya mǫtuneyti sitt - make a common store of provisions (n) mǫtu-neyti
community, district; troop; band, company; region (f pl); group or body of men (f) sveit
companion (m) kompān (‡)
companion (m) lagsmaðr
companion on a journey (m) fǫru-nautr
companion, friend, partner, comrade, fellow (m) félagi
companion; host (m); host, company (m pl) sinni
company (n) fǫruneyti
company, band; troop; region; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) sveit
company, host (m pl); host; companion (m) sinni
compel, press, urge on, force; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) knyja, knýja
compensate, better, make compensation, make amends for (v) bœta
compensation (f pl) yfir-bœtr
compensation (n pl) iðgjǫld
compensation or ransom for a dead otter, Otter's ransom, wergeld (n pl) otrgjöld
compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f); remedy, bettering, cure; adornment; (f pl) bót
compensation, redress; honor (f) sœmð, sœmd
compensation, wergeld or ransom for a dead brother (n pl) bróðurgjöld
compensation, wergeld or ransom for a dead son (n pl) sonargjöld
compensation; honor (m) sómi
compensation; tribute; payment; reward; tax; wergild (n) gjald
compensations bœtr
competition, contest; spirit, ardor, courage kapp
complain, cry out (v) krikta
complete, whole; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
complete; established (adj) fullkominn
completely (adv) ful-komlīka (‡)
completely foolish (adj) alheimskr
completely settled al-byggðr
completely, carefully (adv) vandliga
completely, entirely; everywhere; allt til Orneykja - all the way to the Orkney islands; alt til þess - right up to that point; allt upp undir - right up under allt
complexion; looks, appearance; color(ing) (m) litr
compliant, easily led; genial (adj) leiðitamr
complicated case, difficult matter (n) vandalmál
compose, make, build; do, perform; act; finish (v) gera (ð)
compose, write; make, build; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
compose; find, discover, notice; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
comrade, friend, partner, companion, fellow (m) félagi
conceal a thing; loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
conceal, hide; leynask - hide oneself, be concealed; leynask í brott, leynask í burt - steal away, leave (v) leyna (d)
conceal, hide; make over, commend (v) fela
conceal, mind, care, care for, hide; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) hirða (ð)
concede, yield; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
conceit; reserve, folly dul
concern; touch (v) snerta
concerning, about; from (prep); away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) frá
concerning, as regards; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
concerning, as regards; over; for; across, through; around, about; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
concerning, of; in; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
concerning; from, out of; with; because of (prep) af
conclusion of suits (f pl) mála-lykðir
concoct, express; read, gather (v) lesa
concubine, mistress (f) frilla
condemned to outlawry, outlawed; guilty; convicted; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) sekr
condition, cause; right, lawful claim; law; treaty (m) réttr
condition, state, affairs, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr
condition, state; reason; material (n) efni
condition, stipulation; preamble, foreward, preface; formula; charm (m) formáli
condition; track; subject; conduct, deeds (n) far
conduct of life (n) līfwerne (‡)
conduct, behavior; journey; dealings (f) ferð
conduct, deeds; track; subject; condition (n) far
conference (f) mál-stefna
confess (v) ganga við
confidence, help, protection, support (n) traust
conflict (m) sam-gangr
conflict; dealings (f) sam-eign
conjure, enchant (v) vitta (tt)
conquer, overcome; win, gain; work; perform, do, accomplish; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
consecrate (v) vixla (‡)
consecrate, hallow; lay a spell on (v) vígja (ð)
consequence; importance (f) til-kváma
consider (to be), think; expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
consider, think over; determine (v) hugsa (að)
consider, try to decide (v) íhuga
consider; count, reckon; conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; telja at - object to; telja fyrir - relate to one; try to persuade; telja á hendr - find fault with, rebuke; telja upp - enumerate; telja ættir sinar til - trace their descent back to; teljask undan - refuse, decline (v) telja (talða)
consolation (f) hugarbót
consolation, comfort (f) huggan
Constantinople, Miklagard, 'mighty stronghold' (m) Miklagarðr, Mikligarðr
constantly (adv) iem-līca (‡)
constantly, ever, always, equally (adv) jafnan
constantly, long time (adv) löngum
constantly, long, far-off (adv) löngu
constitution; law, laws lög, lǫg
construct, build, timber (v) timbra (að)
consultation; talk, parley, conversation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) tal
contend; divide; distinguish; quarrel; deila við - contend with (v) deila (d)
contend; strive hard (v) þreyta (tt)
contention, disagreement (f) deila
contention, slander (n) róg
contest, competition; spirit, ardor, courage kapp
contest, game, sport, play; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) leikr
contest, wrestling; grasp, catch, hold; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang
continuous; firm, fast; hard, severe (adj) fastr
contriver of mischief, misfortune (m) bölvasmiðr
control, power (n) vald
controlled stiltr
contumely, hostility; insult (n) nið
convenient, easy, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
conversation, talk (f) rœða
conversation, talk, parley; consultation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) tal
conversation; discussion; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
conversation; word; speech; message; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) orð
converse, discuss; talk, speak; tala við - talk with (v) tala (að)
converse, speak, discuss (v) rœða
conveyance (means of conveyance); horse (m) farar-skjóti
convicted; guilty; outlawed, condemned to outlawry; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) sekr
cook (m) mat-sveinn
cook, prepare food (v) mat-búa
cool, cold (adj) svalr
copper; bronze (n) eir
core of a boil (m) kveisu-nagli
corn; grain; seed (n) korn
corner of the sail, sheet (ship/sailing term); hem, border, end of cloak; láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) skaut
corner; horn; drinking horn (n) horn
corpse (of the slain in battle), dead body, carrion (n) hræ
corpse, body (n) lík, lik
corpse, dead man (m) nár
corpses on the battlefield, slain (m) valr
correct, right, straight; just, fair; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) réttr
correct, without flaw (adj) rétt-ligr
corresponding to, in accordance with; like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; similar to (adj) líkr, glíkr
corsair (pirates who operated along the Barbary Coast of North Africa) (m) kussari
cost, expense (m) kostnaðr
cost; expense; choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress - (m) kostr
cost; put forth effort; kosta rásar - run at great speed (v) kosta
costly thing, ornament (n) hnoss
cough (m) hósti
council, committee (f) næmd (‡)
counsel; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel (f) ráðagørð
count, earl (m) grēue (‡)
count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; telja at - object to; telja fyrir - relate to one; try to persuade; telja á hendr - find fault with, rebuke; telja upp - enumerate; telja ættir sinar til - trace their descent back to; teljask undan - refuse, decline (v) telja (talða)
counted by tens; ten tens (adj) tirœðr
counted by twelves, twelve tens (adj) tólfræðr
counter-attack, resistance, defense; til móttöku - to a defense, to counter-attack (f) móttaka
country, district (n) herað
country; land; estate (n) land
countryman; inhabitant or native of a country (m) lands-maðr
county between two others (m) miþal-þriðiungr (‡)
courage, ability; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; fame, growth, success (m) frami
courage, daring (n) áræði
courage, energy (f) dáð
courage, nobility (m) drengskapr
courage, valor (f) hreysti
courage; ability, skill, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, doughtiness (m) dugr
courage; contest, competition; spirit, ardor kapp
courageous deed, feat of strength (n) þrekvirki
courageous, bold, daring, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) garpr
course, direction; meeting; appointment; summons (f) stefna
course, procession, a walking (f) ganga
court of confiscation (m) féráns-dómr
court; bodyguard of a king or earl; the king's men, retainers (f) hirð
court; judgment; reputation, fame; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) dómr
courteous, well-bred (adj) kurteiss
courteously, with dignity (adv) kurteisliga
courtyards of a house (pl.), homestead(s), premises heimisgarðar
cousin (m) systrungr
cover with turf (v) tyrfa (ð)
cover, protection; shield; shelter (f) hlíf
cover, sheath (f) hulða
covered with water; land var vatnat - the land was out of sight vatna (að)
cow (f) kýr
cow (young cow) skirja
coward (raven starver) hrafnasueltir
cowardly huglausi
cowardly, effeminate, (passively) homosexual (adj) ragr
cowardly, womanish, effeminate, (passively) homosexual (adj) argr
English ---    Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
crack, clash (v) gnesta
crack, creak (v) braka (að)
cradle (f) vagga
crafty, clever (adj) slœgr
crag, cliff; hammer (m) hamarr
crag; rock, stone, boulder; cliff; mountain (n) bjarg
cram, pack; tread; walk, go; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) troða
crash (v) gnata (að)
creak, crack (v) braka (að)
create, make; pronounce, impose, decree (v) skepia (skóp, skapða)
creator skapari
creature, being; supernatural being, spirit (f) vættr
credit, honor (f) mann-virðing
creek, bay; sea; wave (m) vágr
creep through an opening; pierce (v) smjúga
creep, crouch (v) krjúpa
crew (m pl); oarsman (m) háseti
crew; change (f) skipan
crooked, unjust; wrong, false (adj) rangr
crop, field akr
cross (m) kross
cross (n) kors (‡)
cross-beam (n) þver-tré
crouch, creep (v) krjúpa
crow (f) kráka
crowd (m) múgr
crowd, force of men (n) fjǫlmenni
crowd, throng, drift, hurry, rush (vi) drifa
crowd, throng; equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
crowded, in a large group, numerous; with many people, well-attended (adj) fjǫlmennr, fjölmennr
crown of the head (m) hvirfill
crown, top; put a top on; um hǫfuð typpa - wind a headdress on the head (v) typpa
crozier, episcopal staff bagall
crozier; wooden staff, stick; pole, timber (m) stafr
cruelty; badness (f) illska
crusaders (m pl) Jórsalafarar
cry out, call; say, declare; name (v) kalla
cry out, complain (v) krikta
cry out, wail (v) veina
cry, cry out; scream, shout (v) œpa (t)
cry; scream (v) hlakka
Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived; monk (Irish monk), pope, priest (m) papi
cup-bearer; trencherman; officer of high rank (m) skutil-sveinn
curdled milk (n) skyr
curiosity (f) forvitni
curious (adj) fregnvíss
current, stream (m) straumr
curse; worship; worship with sacrifice; sacrifice, sacrifice in worship (v) blóta
curses (m pl) feikinstafir
curve; í bugh sklialdr - behind the curved shield (m) bughr (‡)
cushion, pillow (n) hœgindi
custom (f) sið-venja
custom, habit; obligation; leggja í vanða sin - make a habit of (m) vandi
custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr
custom, usage (m) vani
custom; religion (m) síðr
customary rights, law of the land (m) landsréttr
cut (runes), carve, engrave; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) rista, rísta
cut (v) bita
cut (v) sníða
cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; smooth, even out, tidy, trim; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) jafna (að)
cut off from inheritance (adj) af-skipta
cut runes; write; scratch, cut (v) ríta
cut, scratch; write; cut runes (v) ríta
cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) skera
cut; bite, bite through; rip apart (v) bíta
cutting, slice; trench; flensing of a whale (m) skurðr
English ---    Top a b c d di e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
Dainsleif, the name of Hógni's sword, 'Dain's inheritance' Dáinsleif
dainty (of food), delicacy (f) krás
dairy cattle; milk cows, milch cows (f) mál-nyta
dale, dell, valley (m) dalr
damage, destroy (v) hata (að)
damage, harm, loss; death (m) skaði
damage, injure, hurt; maim; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) meiða (dd)
dance, dancing-song (m) danzleikr
dandy, gaudy person oflati
dandy, lover of finery (m) skartsmaðr
Danes (m pl) Danir
danger, harm (m) háski
dangerous hœttr
dangerous situation; peril (f) ó-fœra
dangerous; hlífum hættr - destructive to shields (adj) hættr
Danish (adj) Danskr
dare (v) þora (ð)
dare, hit, hurt; venture; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) bella
daring, bold, courageous, or warlike man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) garpr
daring, courage (n) áræði
daring; haughty; ambitious (adj) stór-ráðr
dark (adj) døkkr
Dark Elves (m pl) Døkkálfar
dark, black; blue (adj) blár
dark; darkness (adj) myrkr (van)
dark; without light-colored defective spots (of furs) (adj) ófǫlr (van)
darken; grow black or dark (v) sortna
darken; grow dark (v) myrkva (t)
dart, spear (for throwing), pike, shaft; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) fleinn
dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash; roar; resound (v) glymja
daughter (f) dóttir
daughter's son; grandson (m) dótturson
dauntless; strong of heart (adj) hraustligr
dawn (f) nætr-elding
dawn (v) daga
dawn, day, daylight (m); days, daylight hours, time (m pl); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time dagr
dawn; illuminate; proclaim (v) lysa
dawn; night (last part of the night before dawn) (f) elding
day (n) dœgr, døgr
day of summer sumars-dagr
day of summer (m) sumars-dagr
day time, a roughly three hour time of the day beginning about 9:00 a.m.; breakfast time (n) dagmál
day, daylight, dawn (m); days, daylight hours, time (m pl); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time dagr
daybreak (f) dagan, dǫgun
day-mark, time of day (n) dagsmark
day-meal, the chief meal, eaten about 9:00 a.m. (m) dagr-verðr
days assigned by law on which summoning was to be done, summoning-days (m pl) stefnu-dagr
days, daylight hours, time (m pl); day, daylight, dawn (m); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time dagr
dead (adj) liflátinn
dead body, corpse (of the slain in battle), carrion (n) hræ
dead man, corpse (m) nár
dead of sickness; hann varð sótt-dauðr - he died of illness (i.e., in his bed) sótt-dauðr
dead, death (adj) dauðr
dead, deceased (adj) látinn
dead, deceased; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
dead; doomed, about to die, fated to die (adj) feigr
dead; move, go; pass (usually of time), progress; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) líða
deaf (adj) daufr
deaf-mute, stupid (adj) daufi
deal out; throw, cast; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) verpa
deal with; meet; join; sem landit mœttisk ok flóðit gekk efst - where the land and high tide meet (v) mœta (tt)
deal with; vela um - deal with (v) véla(t)
dealings (n) við-skipti
dealings; conflict (f) sam-eign
dealings; encounter (f) viðr-eign
dealings; journey; conduct, behavior (f) ferð
dear kœrr
dear, close, beloved (adj) kærr
dear, expensive; precious (adj) dýrr
dearth; season (bad season) (n) ó-áran
death (f) hæl
death (m) dødher (‡), døther (‡)
death (m) dødher (‡), døther (‡)
death (m) höfuðsbani
death (n) andlát
death of a son (m) sonar-dauði
death tidings; sæghia dǫuðar-orð - slay one in a fight (n) dǫuðar-orð (‡)
death, fatal wound, mortal wound (n) banasár
death, loss of life (n) fjǫrlag
death, loss of life (n) líflát
death; bane, cause of death, slayer (m) bani
death; harm, damage, loss (m) skaði
death; lifs né dauða - neither in life nor in death (m) dauði
death-blow (n) banahǫgg
death-day (m) dauðadagr
debt; í skuld - on credit (f) skuld
decade, ten (m num) tigr
decay, rot (v) fúna
decayed, rotten (adj) fúinn
deceased, dead (adj) látinn
deceased, dead; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
deceit flœrð
deceitful, false (adj) fláráðr
deceive oneself; keep on in ignorance of; vera dulinn - be unaware of; ganga duliðr - be mistaken; (v) dylja (dulði)
deception, tricking (f) ginning
decide; advise, counsel; consult about; rule; discuss; plot; set, arrange; govern; prevail; have to deal with; go, take one's way; ráða á - progress, have to deal with interpret; go, take one's way; ráða aptr - return, hire, engage; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða heilræði - give one wholesome counsel; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða sinum (ráðum) - hold a conference; rēddo sik saman til hans dødh (‡) - they conspired against his life; ráða af - do away with, kill; decide, rule, govern; prevail; settle a policy; ráða fyrir - have power; ráða sér vist - get a place for oneself; ráða til - hire, engage; ráða um - consult about, discuss; ráðask til skips - go on board ship (ship/sailing term) (v) ráða
decide; divide; share; change; amount to; shape; exchange; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) skipta
deck planking? fjöl?
deck, deck planking (ship/sailing term) (f) þili, þilja
declare, say; call, cry out; name (v) kalla
declare, speak, say; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
declare; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
decrease, wane, diminish, grow less (v) þverra
decree, pronounce, impose; make, create (v) skepia (skóp, skapða)
deed (f) dáð
deed (f) gerning (‡)
deed (great deed) (n) stór-virki
deed (wicked deed) (n) ó-verk
deed; work (n) verk
deeds, conduct; track; subject; condition (n) far
deep (adj) djúpr
deep-minded (adj) djúpauðigr
deep-witted, resourceful (adj) djúpvitr
deer; wild beast; animal (n) dýr
defend, keep, preserve, watch (v) varð-veita
defend, protect; keep away; hold a place against, keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) verja (varði)
defendant (as defendant) variændi (‡)
defense (f) vǫrn, vorn
defense at law (f) lǫgvǫrn
defense, reception (f) viðr-taka
defense, resistance, counter-attack; til móttöku - to a defense, to counter-attack (f) móttaka
deity with skis (n) ǫndur-god
delay (f) dvǫl
delay, respite; lj'a fresta - give; respite (n) frest
delicacy, dainty (of food) (f) krás
delight, entertainment (m) fǫgnuðr, fógnuðr
delight, joy angan
delight, pleasure; entertainment; þykkja gaman at - take pleasure in (n) gaman
deliver, put, give; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
dell, dale, valley (m) dalr
deluded, bewildered (v) vill-hyggjandi
demand; ask; crave, claim; demand of; krefja máls - ask speech of one (v) krefja
Denmark (f) Danmörk
deny (v) synja
deny, argue (v) þræta (tt)
deny, refuse (v) neita (tt)
deny, refuse (v) synja (að)
depart; loosen, untie; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
dependent person needing assistance (i.e., children and old people) (f) ó-megð
dependent, underling (m) undir-maðr
dependents, family (n) skulda-lið
depopulation (f) landauðn
depressed, gloomy (adj) ó-kátr
depressed, glum (adj) óglaðr
deprive of, plunder, rob (v) ræna, ráena
deprive one of speech, make silent (v) fyr(ir)nema
derive benefit from; use; eat; avail; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) nýta (tt)
descendants; lineage (f) kyn-kvísl
descended; hvar hann var æ - what was his origin (v) ættaðr
deserved, fitting (adj) makligr
deserving; fitting, proper, becoming (adj) makligr
desire girnd
desire (f) fýst
desire (impers.); urge, encourage (v) fýsa (t)
desire (m) luste (‡), loste (‡)
desire (v) længæ
desire (v) tíða
desire a service of one; want, wish, will, be willing; intend; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) vilja
desire for oneself (v) girnas
desire, will, disposition (m) vili
desire; long for, suffer love-longing (v) þreyja
desire; urge, encourage; braut fýsir mik - I desire to depart, I am in haste to depart; fýsask í braut - be eager to go away (v) fýsa, fysa
desire; wish (v) lysta
desolate (adj) óvistuligr
desolate (unpopulated) valley (m) eyðidalr
desolate forest land (m) eyðimǫrk
despair, despondency; fear; words or sounds of despair (f) æðra
despondency, despair; fear; words or sounds of despair (f) æðra
destiny, fate; war (n pl) ørlǫg, örlög
destiny; fate (n pl) forlǫg
destiny; poverty; destitution (n) válað
destitution; poverty; destiny (n) válað
destroy, damage (v) hata (að)
destroy, do away with; waste; spend; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) eyða (dd)
destroy, spoil (v) spilla (t)
destroyer (m) fárbjóðr
destroyer, harrier herr
destruction, harm, misfortune, bane; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n)
details (pl) deili
determine; consider, think over (v) hugsa (að)
deviation, transgression, offense (n) afbrigði
devise; find, discover, notice; compose; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
dew (f) dǫgg, dögg
English ---    Top a b c d di e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
dialect; language; speech, talk; tale, story; information; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
die (of starvation); starve, suffer hunger; svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (v) svelta
die (v) andask
die a natural death strā-døiæ (‡)
die from overexertion or grief; jump, spring; issue forth; burst (v) springa
die, pass away (v) deyja
difference in fortune, turn or shift of luck (m) gæfumunr
difference of wits, understanding (m) vizku-munr
difference; heart, mind; fyrir engan mun - for no consideration (m) munr
different from, unlike, unlike to (adj) ólíkr
difficult (adj) ó-hœgr
difficult (adj) tor-sóttr
difficult matter, complicated case (n) vandalmál
difficult part of a road (f) tor-fœra
difficult to cross or travel over yfirferðar-illr
difficult to perform (adj) tor-fluttr
difficult, hard; severe, sharp (adj) harðr
difficult, quarrelsome, stubborn, troublesome to deal (with); overbearing; þykkja ódælt við - think one difficult to deal with (adj) ó-dæll
difficult, troublesome (adj) erfiðr
difficult; evil, (qualitatively) bad, wretched; (morally) bad; wicked; obliging; vant er at sjá - one cannot know; mun oss vandara gǫrt - it will be more incumbent on us (adj) vandr, vándr
difficult; heavy; be necessary; þungt ganga - go badly; er þungt í skapi - one is heavy-hearted (adj) þungr
difficulty (f) gin-værda (‡)
difficulty, need, distress; harm; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) nauð(r)
difficulty, trouble (n) erfiðr
difficulty, trouble (n) vand-ræði
dig; engrave, inlay; grafa niðr - bury; grafinn nið - rooted to the ground (v) grafa
diligent (adj) idhe-līkr (‡)
dimension; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
diminish, decrease, wane, grow less (v) þverra
diminish, dwindle (v) réna
diminished; sitja fyrir skart um - live in want of (adj) skarðr
diminution (m) þurðr
dim-sightedness (m) óskyggn-leiki
din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) dynja
dine (eat a meal) matask (að)
direct, set (in a course); set; seat; place, put; make; set up; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
direct, steer, command, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
direct; guide (v) vísa
direct; just, fair; right, correct, straight; unswerving; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) réttr
direction, course; meeting; appointment; summons (f) stefna
direction, point of compass, region; family, line, lineage, stock, tribe, descent, race; ancestry; í æ Vǫlsunga - like the race of the Volsungs (f) ætt
direction; road, way; journey; glory, honor; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
directly; right, rightly (adv) rétt (r)
dirt, mold, earth (as substance); soil (f) mold
dirty, filthy (adj) ókræsi-legr
dirty, nasty (adj) óþokku-ligr
disagreement (f) ó-sætt
disagreement, contention (f) deila
disappear; be lost, be missing; turn; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) hverfa
discomfort (n) óhægindi
discover, find, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
discuss, converse; talk, speak; tala við - talk with (v) tala (að)
discuss, speak, converse (v) rœða
discussion, talk (f) um-rœða
discussion; conversation; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
disease, plague; injury, pain, harm, hurt; koma at meini - do harm to (n) mein
disgrace (f) óvirðing
disgrace (f) sví-virðing
disgrace, shame (m) skami (‡)
disgrace, shameful rebuff (f) sneypa
disgrace; humiliation (f) læging
dishonor ó-sæmd
dishonor (f) ósœmd
dishonor, ignominy (m) ósómi
dismissal, sending away (f) brottvaðning
dispenser of fate (m) mjǫtuðr
display (v) birta
display; spread; stretch (v) breiða
displease (v) mislíka
disposition (m pl) skaps-munir
disposition, character (m) skap-leikr
disposition, lay, order; stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
disposition, mood (n) skap-lyndi
disposition, will, desire (m) vili
dispute (f) wiþr-ātta (‡)
dissuade, hinder (v) letja (latti)
distingished, noble, worshipful (adj) göfugr
distinguish; distress (v) angra
distinguish; divide; quarrel, contend; deila við - contend with (v) deila (d)
distinguished (of distinguished appearance), imposing (adj) mikil-úðligr
distress, difficulty, need; harm; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) nauð(r)
distress; distinguish (v) angra
distressed, anxious, worried (adj) hugsjúkr
distribute; share, hand out; mediate; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) miðla
district, community; troop; band, company; region (f pl); group or body of men (f) sveit
district, country (n) herað
disturbance of the peace (n) ó-sætti
ditch, hole, pit (f) grǫf, gróf
ditty, short verse (m) kviðlingr
divide (v) deila
divide; distinguish; quarrel, contend; deila við - contend with (v) deila (d)
divide; share; change; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) skipta
divine strength (n) ás-meginn
divine, of divine origin reginkunnr
division (n); dealings (n pl) skipti
division of an army (m) hælfningr
division or share of property (n) fjár-skipti
do away with, destroy; waste; spend; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) eyða (dd)
do harm (v) saka (að)
do harm to, harm (v) skaða (að)
do, act; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
do, act; make; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) gera
do, perform (v) iðja
do, perform, accomplish; win, gain; work; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
do, perform; act; make, build, compose; finish (v) gera (ð)
do, work, perform (v) orka
do, work; help, assist; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) týja
do; act (v)  breyta
docile, affable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
dog rakki
dog (a female dog) tik
dog (a little one) (n) køuærne (‡)
dog, hound (m) hundr
dog; bitch (n) grey
Dolgthrasir (personal name) Dólgþrasir
done for, finished off; made, built; done; ready; sent (adj) gǫrr (van)
done; made, built; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) gǫrr (van)
doom, judgment (n pl) rök
doomed man; vilja hafa at dauðamanni - seek one's life (m) dauða-maðr
doomed, about to die, fated to die; dead (adj) feigr
door (f) hurð
door frame (one of the boards forming a door frame); wooden tablet or stave; ski; snow-skate; stick; wood (block of wood); skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) skíð
door, doorway (f pl) dyrr
door-keeper (m) dýr-vǫrðr
door-opening gátt
doorway of stone (f pl) stein-dyrr
doorway upper cross-piece, lintel (n) upp-dyri
dopey dofni
doughty; strong, powerful (adj) þrúðugr
dove, pigeon (f) dúfa
down (adv) niðr
down to, over, above, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) ofan
down, downwards; from above; southwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; above the surface of; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; ofan um knappinn - around the staff just below the knob; þar á ofan - in addition; saar owan ā saar (‡) - wound upon wound (adv) ofan
down; below (adv) niðri
downcast, drooping (adj) hnipinn
downstream (adv) forstreymis
doze, shut the eyes (v) blunda
draft, mouthful (m) sopi
draft-cattle (m) gripær
dragon shape, form (n) ormslíki
dragon-ship (m) dreki
Draupnir, dripper, a gold ring possessed by Odin with the ability to multiply itself Draupnir
draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); move quickly; break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða
draw near summer (v) sumra
draw near to autumn (v) hausta
draw up (in battle array) (v) fylkja
draw, mark; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
draw, summon; recover; claim; get back (v) heimta (t)
dread, fear (f) ótti
dream (m) draumr
dream (v) dreyma
dregs; what is left (n) órval
dress, array; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) búa
dress; bind, tie, fasten; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda
dribble, drip, leak (v) leka
dribbler slefja
drift, crowd, throng, hurry, rush (vi) drifa
drift, drive; push, shove; ratt af sér - threw off (v) hrinda
driftage, a thing drifted ashore, wreck; jetsam; (m) reki
driftwood (m) rekaviðr
drink in large gulps (v) kneyfa
drink, draft (m) drykkr
drink, sip; take a sip (v) súpa
drink; ale (n) mun-gát
drink; drekka af - empty; drekka af horninu inn þriðja drykinn - empty the horn at the third draft (v) drekka
drinker (m) drykkyumaðr
drinking (excessive drinking), over-drinking of drykkja
drinking (f) drykkja
drinking horn; horn; corner (n) horn
drinking-horn (m) hvítingr
drip (v) drjúpa
drip, dribble, leak (v) leka
drive (v) aka
drive (v) støkkva (ð, t)
drive (vt) drifa
drive away; hrekja af máli - force one to abandon a lawsuit; hrekjask fyrir - be confounded by (v) hrekja
drive, drift; push, shove; ratt af sér - threw off (v) hrinda
drive, herd; drive onto shore, wreck; avenge, take vengeance for; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) reka, vrækæ (‡)
drive; spring, burst, leap; spring asunder; snap; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva
driven out of the district sveitar-rækr
drizzle; flakes of metal (n) úr
droop (v) drúpa
drooping, downcast (adj) hnipinn
drop, fall (v) detta
droppings (n) tros
drown (dat.) drekkja (kt)
drowsiness, sleep hǫfgi
drum (f) bamba
drunk (excessively drunk) ofrǫlvi
drunk (on ale) ǫlr
drunkard ǫlfuss
dry (adj) þurr
dry up (v) tréna
due, tax; incumbrance (on an estate); reason; sake (f) skyld
duel, single combat (n) einvigi
dues, taxes (n pl) álög
duke; commander (m) hertogi
Durin (personal name) Durinn
during (time); in, within; at (position); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í
during; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
during; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
duty knǫð
duty (negated), not one’s duty (n adj) óskylt
duty; ák hróðrs of kvǫð - a song of praise is due from me (f) kvǫð
Dvalin (personal name), Delayer Dvalinn
dwarf; fibula (m) dvergr
dwell, live (in a place), inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect; (v) búa
dwell, stay, abide, live at; enjoy, be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) una
dwell; settle; build; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) byggja (gð)
dweller, inhabitant; neighbor (m) búi
dwelling, abode, dwelling, settlement (f) bygð
dwelling, abode; place, spot; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
dwelling, farming, farm; home, house, household; estate; livestock (n)
dwelling; farmstead; abode; enclosure; courtyard, (enclosed) field; hayfield; homefield; home meadow; (poetic) dwellings, precincts (n) tún
dwelling-place (m) bústaðr
dwindle, diminish (v) réna
dying; slight, faint neppr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
each, every one (pron) hvergi, hverrgi
each, every, all; who, which?; what; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) hverr
Eadmund (personal name) Eadmundr
eager for men, mad after men, lustful (adj) ver-gjǫrn, ver-gjarn
eager, anxious (adj) annt
eager, madly keen (adj) óðfúss
eager, willing (adj) gjarn
eager, willing; eager for (adj) fuss, fúss
eagle (m) ari
eagle (m) ǫrn
ear (n) eyra
ear of wheat (n) hveiti-ax
earl = jarl (m) ierl (‡)
earl, count (m) grēue (‡)
earl; free-born man, gentleman (m) jarl
earldom (n) jarlsriki
earliest, first, foremost (adj) fyrstr
early (adj) snemt
early (adv) snemma
early (adv) snimma
early, in the early morning; of yore, long ago (n) ár
early, soon (adv) snim-hendis
earn, win (v) ǫðlask, öðlask
earth (as substance), dirt, mold; soil (f) mold
Earth, as goddess and mother of Thor (f) Jörð
earth, surface of the earth; ground, bottom; broad surface grund
earth, world (f) fold
earth, world; ground, soil; land (f) jörð, jǫrð
earth, world; region; heima í millim, í milli heims ok heljar - between life and death (m) heimr
earthly; worldly jarðligr
earthquake (m) land-skjálpti
easily seen, evident auðsénn
East Austri
east (n); eastward (adv) austr
east (of); from the east; bearing to the east (adv) austan
east; the Baltic Lands (m) austrvegr
Easter (f pl) páskar, páskir
eastern lands; eastern Europe; Russia and the Orient (n pl) Austrlönd
Easterner, Norwegian austmaðr
easy (to manage), gentle (adj) dæll
easy to deal with; reasonable; er óvandleikit við hann - it is easy to deal with him (adj) óvand-leikit
easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
eat (v) eta
eat; use; avail; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) nýta (tt)
ebb-tide, fore-shore, shore, beach; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) fjara
edge (f) egg (also ægg)
edge (m) jaðarr
edge of the heath (f) heiðar-brún
edge, rim (of shield) (m) þrǫmr
edge, shield rim (m) þrǫmr
educated (well educated), accomplished (adj) mannaðr
effeminate, cowardly, (passively) homosexual (adj) ragr
effeminate, cowardly, womanish, (passively) homosexual (adj) argr
effort, trouble; toil (n) erfiði
egg (n) egg
egg on, incite, goad, urge, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) eggja (að)
egg shell (f) eggskurn
egg-field, sea birds' breeding-ground (n) egg-ver
egging on, urging (f) áeggjun
Egil (personal name) Egill
Egilstadir (place name) Egil's farmstead (m pl) Egilsstaðir
eight (num) átta
eighteen (num) átján
eighteen (num) áttján
eighteenth (ord num) áttjándi
eighty years old áttrœðr
Eikinskjald (personal name), Oakenshield Eikinskialdi
Eilif (personal name) Eilífr
Eirik (personal name) Eiríkr
Eiriksfjord (place name), Eirik's Fjord Eiriksfjörðr
either; one or another annarr hvárr
elated, 'with his tail up' (adj) upp-stertr
elder, older (adj) ellri
eldest, oldest (adj) el(l)ztr (also ellstr)
eleven (num) ellifu
elf (m) álfr
elk; branda elgr - beaked ship (m) elgr
eloquent, clever in speech; brave (adj) snjallr
else; or, or else (adv and conj) ella
Embla (personal name) Embla
emit rays, flash, gleam; shine (v) skína
Emma (personal name) Emma
employment, service; food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; abode; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) vist
empty, clear, prepare, pile up (or clear away) (v) ryðja
enchant, conjure (v) vitta (tt)
enchantment, spell (m) seiðr
encircle, wrap; sweep; swing (v) sveipa (ð, að)
enclosed space, yard; farmyard, enclosure; court; fence; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) garðr
encomium; poem of praise (n) lof-kvæði
encomium; praise (f) mærð
encomium; praise (m) hróðr (rs)
encounter; dealings (f) viðr-eign
encourage (v) fysa
encourage, urge; (impers.) desire (v) fýsa (t)
encourage, urge; desire; braut fýsir mik - I desire to depart, I am in haste to depart; fýsask í braut - be eager to go away (v) fýsa, fysa
encourage; whet, sharpen (v) hvetja
end (m) endi, endir
end of a hall (m) skála-endi
end of cloak, hem, border; sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) skaut
end of hammer-head (m) hamars-muðr
end, bring to an end; endask til - suffice (for) (v) enda
end, close; finish; use up; shut; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) lúka
end; at lykðum - at last (f) lykð
endangered (in evil straits) (adj) van-farinn
endow; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
endurance (f) eljun
endure, suffer; tolerate (v) þola, þula (‡)
enemy (m) fjándi
enemy (m) fjándmaðr
enemy (m) óvinr
enemy, adversary (m) andskoti
energetic; quickly moved bilstyggr
energetically (with energy), sharply (adv) snarp-liga
energy, courage (f) dáð
energy; behavior (f) atferð
England (n) England
English (adj) Enskr, Ænskr
English (pl.), Angles Englar
engrave, cut (runes), carve; form by carving; láta rísta rúnar - have runes carved (v) rista, rísta
engrave, inlay; dig; grafa niðr - bury; grafinn nið - rooted to the ground (v) grafa
enjoy; dwell, stay, abide, live at; be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) una
enjoy; have the use of; derive benefit from; njótum vér - let us make the most of it; njóta við - have help from (v) njóta
enormously (adv) allstórum
enough, abundant (adj) nógr
enough, sufficient (adj) œrinn
enough; plenty (of); gnógt - plenty gnógr
enough; sufficiently, overly, very (adv) œrit
enraged; frantic; furious; vehement; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) ódr
enslave (v) þjá (ð)
entangle, wrap (v) vefja
enterprising, capable (adj) gørviligr
entertain, amuse  (v) skemta
entertaining, amusing (adj) skemtiligr
entertainment, delight (m) fǫgnuðr, fógnuðr
entertainment; pleasure, delight; þykkja gaman at - take pleasure in (n) gaman
entice (v) teygja
entirely, completely; everywhere; allt til Orneykja - all the way to the Orkney islands; alt til þess - right up to that point; allt upp undir - right up under allt
entrance (f) innganga
entrance hall (f) for-stofa
entranced, in a trance; intense(ly) hugleikinn
enumeration, reckoning, list; talk, parley, conversation; consultation (n) tal
envy, hatred (f) awnd (‡)
episcopal staff, crozier bagall
equal (m) jafningi
equal, even (adj) jafn
equal; like (m) líki
equality, equal share (m) jǫfnuðr
equalize (make equivalent); explain, interpret, interpret as; signify; win over; þýðask - assocate with (v) þýða (dd)
equally broad jafn-breiðr
equally great, just as much jafn-mikill
equally near, midway between jafn-nær
equally sweet jafn-sœtr
equally wise jafnspakir
equally, ever, always, constantly (adv) jafnan
equate, cut even, make equal (in comparisons); smooth, even out, tidy, trim; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) jafna (að)
equinox, equal length of day and night (n) jafn-dœgri
equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
equipment (m) búnaðr
erect (adj) uppréttr
errand, mission (f) sendi-ferð
errand, mission, result of errand (n) erendi
errand, mission; message; the result of one's mission ørendi, ørindi
erring, wild, astray; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed villr
erupt; gush, burst out (v) gjósa
escape, slip away; slip; fail, slip up (v) sleppa
establish; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
establish; staggaþr - last, secure (v) staþga (‡)
established; complete (adj) fullkominn
estate; home, house, household; farm (n)
estate; home, house, household; farming, farm, dwelling; livestock (n)
estate; land; country (n) land
esteem (n) met-orð
esteem, statement (favorable statement), warm regard líknstafr
estimate, evaluate, value, appraise; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) virða
estimate, evaluate, value; set a price (v) meta
estimate, opinion (f) ætlun
estuary (m) óss
evaluate, estimate, value, appraise; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) virða
evaluate, estimate, value; set a price (v) meta
Eve (personal name) Eva
even if, though; seeing that (adv) þótt, þó at
even out, smooth, tidy, trim; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) jafna (að)
even, equal (adj) jafn
even; as well jafn-vel
even; still; also; yet; further; again; moreover (adv) enn
evening draws in (v) kvelda (að), kveldar
evening, the separation of day from night (m) aptann
evening; at kveldi - at nightfall; í kveldi - this evening; um kveldit - the evening before (n) kveld
evensong, vespers (m) kveldsǫngr
event, occurrence; af þessum atburði - because of this incident (m) atburðr
events; news, tidings; verða tíðendi, vera (or bera) til tíðinda - come to pass, happen (n pl) tíðendi, tíðindi
ever, always, constantly, equally (adv) jafnan
ever, always; forever (adv) æ, ē (‡)
ever; forever; always ey
every one, each (pron) hvergi, hverrgi
every, each, all; who, which?; what; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) hverr
every; all, whole; entire (adj pron) allr
everything; anything whatever (pron) hvatvetna
everywhere; completely, entirely; allt til Orneykja - all the way to the Orkney islands; alt til þess - right up to that point; allt upp undir - right up under allt
everywhere; hvargi sem - wherever, wheresoever (adv) hvargi
everywhere; where; hvar sem - wherever (adv) hvar
evidence, token, proof (of a thing) (n) jartegn
evident, clear auðsýnn, auðsynn
evident, easily seen auðsénn
evil (treatment) (f) illt
evil plan (n) óráð
ewe (m) ásuauðr
exactly, minutely inniliga
exaggerate; ofsa sér til vansa - puff oneself up to one's own undoing (v) ofsa
example (n) æptedøme (‡)
exceed, surpass; increase, augment; add; aukaþis - multiplied (v) auka
exceedingly áfakliga
exceedingly (adj) forkunnar
exceedingly, very, vehemently, impetuously (adv) ákafliga
exceedingly; most willingly; most of all (adv) helzt
excellent; famous (adj) ágætr
except, save, but; unless (conj) nema
excessively severe (adj) of-haarth (‡)
exchange; divide; share; change; amount to; shape; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) skipta
exclamation of impatience; pathetic, wretched, miserable (adj) vesall
excogitate, think out (v) huga (að)
excuse; what is to be excused (f) vár-kunn
execution, beheading; blow, stroke, chop; hǫggva í millum - between strokes (n) högg, hǫgg
executioner, killer, slayer (m) banamaðr
exercise, train; tame (v) temja
exert oneself; struggle; press, urge on, compel, force; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) knyja, knýja
exhaustion, weariness (f) mœði
exhortations (f pl) fortǫlur
exist; show; appear to be, seem (v) sýna (d)
expanse of the earth; Ondils jarmun-grund - the sea (f) jarmun-grund
expect (impers.); mik varði - I expected; mundi mik annars vara - I would have expected other treatment (v) vara (ð)
expect, hope for (v) vænta (t)
expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
expectation væni
expedient; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
expedition; journey, journeying; movement; í fǫr - in company with; eiga skip í fǫrum - own a trading ship (f) för, fǫr
expense, cost (m) kostnaðr
expense; choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress (m) kostr
expensive, dear; precious (adj) dýrr
experience of hardship; hardihood (n) harð-ræði
experience; try, prove; reyna ilt af - meet with evil at the hands of; reyndr vas flestr - most were put to the test; be proved; reynt er - trial has been made; be proved (v) reyna (d)
explain, interpret, interpret as; signify; win over; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) þýða (dd)
exploration (f) landaleitan
explore, search, find out about; kannask við - recognize (v) kanna (að)
exposed equally, naked or unprotected (adj) jafn-berr
exposure of an infant (m) út-burðr
express, concoct; read, gather (v) lesa
expression, phrase (n) orð-tœki
extend; go, walk; advance; take place; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga
extensively; widely, far and wide, in many places (adv) víða
externally; outside (of); beyond; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) útan
extinguish (v) sløkkva
extraction, origin (n) ædle (‡)
extremely (adv) afar
eye (n) auga
eye-brow (f) brún
eyelash (f) brá
Eyfura (personal name) Eyfura
English ---    Top a b c d e f fi g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
face (n) andlit
fade; grow pale (v) fǫlna (að)
Fafnir, a son of Hreidmar who turns himself into a dragon, brother of Regin (m) Fáfnir
fail (v) bila
fail to heed, neglect (v) órœkja (kt)
fail, slip up; slip; escape, slip away (v) sleppa
fail; fall, fall down; flow; be slain; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) falla
fail; lie, tell a lie; false (v) ljúga
fail; þraut ørindit - breath failed him (v) þrjóta
faint, slight; dying neppr
faintness (n) ómegin
fair wind, favorable wind; gaf þeim vel byri - they got a favorable wind (m) byrr
fair, beautiful, attractive (adj) fagr (ran)
fair, just, proper (adj) sannligr
fair, just; right, correct, straight; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) réttr
fair-haired (adj) hárfagri
fair-haired (nickname) (adj) hárfagr
fair-minded; honest (adj) ør-grandr
faith; (Christian) religion (f) trú, trōa (‡)
faithful, loyal (adj) trō-lekær (‡)
fall (n) fall
fall asleep; vera sofanaðr (v) sofna (að)
fall back, recoil (v) hrøkkva
fall down on; leap, spring; run; climb; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) hlaupa
fall down; travel about, rove (v) rata (að)
fall gently; sink; (ppart.) open; hniginn í aldr - elderly, advanced in years (v) hníga
fall, collapse; flow, stream; fall loosely (of clothing); látum und honum hryja lukla - let keys jangle about him; hrynja á hæla - shut upon one's heels (v) hrynja
fall, drop (v) detta
fall, fall down; flow; be slain; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) falla
fall, tumble (v) hrata (að)
false, deceitful (adj) fláráðr
false, treacherous (adj) flár
false, underhand (adj) undir-fǫrull
false; crooked, unjust; wrong (adj) rangr
false; lie, tell a lie; fail (v) ljúga
falsehood, lie (f) lygi
falsehood, lying; falseness (f) lausang
falseness (f) lausung
falseness; lying, falsehood (f) lausang
falsify a story (v) skrǫkva (að)
fame, growth, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability (m) frami
fame, renown (m) orðs-tírr
fame, renown, reputation (m) dómr
fame, reputation; judgment; court; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) dómr
fame, repute, report; word; speech; conversation; message; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) orð
family calamity or misfortune (m) ættangr
family line, progeny kynslóð
family tree (long line of forefathers or long line of descendants) langniðiar
family, dependents (n) skulda-lið
family, offspring, child; baby; progeny, kin kind
famine (n) hallæri
famous (adj) nafnfrægr
famous, noble, glorious (adj) mærr
famous, well-known (adj) frægr
famous, widely-known (adj) víðfrægr
famous; excellent (adj) ágætr
far (adv) vítt
far and wide, widely, in many places; extensively (adv) víða
far out; setjask útar-liga - sit near the door (adv) útarliga
far, far off; by no means; fjarri fór þat - far from it (adv) fjarri, fierri
fare, have fortune; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) fara
farm (n pl); house; room of house (n) hús
farm implements (m pl) bús-hlutr
farm, farming, dwelling; home, house, household; estate; livestock (n)
farm, farmstead; temple (n) hof
farm, homestead (f) staðfesta
farm; home, house, household; estate (n)
farmer; husband; yeoman, franklin; head of a household (m) bóndi
farmer's son, son of a yeoman, son of a bóndi (m) bóndason
farmhand; servant, retainer; king's man (m) húskarl
farmhouse, farmstead; farm, landed estate; town (m) bœr
farming, farm, dwelling; home, house, household; estate; livestock (n)
farmstead (m) húsabœr
farmyard, enclosure; enclosed space, yard; court; fence; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) garðr
far-off, long, constantly (adv) löngu
far-spent; at áliðnum degi - at the end of the day á-liðinn
fart fretr
farther (adv) viðara
farther back; hind eptri
farther in innar
farther out; útarsk - farthest out (adv) útar
farther; longer (distance) (adv) lengra
farthest back epztr also aptasr
farthest forward (adv) framast
farthest north (adj) norþastr
farthest south, southernmost (adj) sunnarstr (‡)
fashion, manner; road, path; way, journey (f) leið
fashioned háttaðr
fast, firm; hard, severe; continuous (adj) fastr
fast, hard (adv) mikinn
fast, strongly, hard; firmly; certainly (adv) fast
fasten, bind, tie; dress; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda
fasten, button; pull (v) kneppa (t)
fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; bite, take effect on; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) festa (t)
fasten; swear solemnly; string tight; strengja heit - make a solemn vow (v) strengja (ð, d)
fastenings by which boats were tied together for battle (ship/sailing term); ropes (n pl) tengsl
fat (adj) feitr
fat churl, fatso alicarl
fatal wound, mortal wound, death (n) banasár
fate (dire fate), weird; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) urðr
fate (preordained fate); stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
fate; lot; part; mestr hluti - most of (m) hluti
fated (v) auðit
fated to die, doomed, about to die; dead (adj) feigr
fated; expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
fateful, (impers.) fall out by fate auðna (að)
fateless (i.e. on whom fate has not yet been imposed) (adj) ørlǫglauss
fates, powers of fate (pl); weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n) urðr
father (m) faðir
father and son(s) (m pl) feðgar
father-in-law swær
father-in-law; brother-in-law; relative by marriage; son-in-law (m) mágr
father's brother, uncle (m) fǫðurbróðir
father's kin (n) föðurkyn
fatso, fat churl alicarl
fault, blemish vamm
fault-finding atmælasamr
favor, loyalty, allegiance; grace (f) hylli
favorable wind, fair wind; gaf þeim vel byri - they got a favorable wind (m) byrr
favorite, favored retainer (m) vilðar-maðr
fear (m) ræddoghe
fear (v) ugga
fear, dread (f) ótti
fear, terror (f) hræzla
fear; despair, despondency; words or sounds of despair (f) æðra
fearlessness; ability, skill, prowess; boldness, courage, doughtiness (m) dugr
fearsome; loathesome; powerful (tremendously or overwhelmingly) ámáttugr
feast (n) mann-boð
feast for one's friends (n) vinaboð
feast, banquet (f) veizla
feast, festival; summons; battle (n) bǫð, boð
feast; guild; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation; recompense, return (n) gildi
feast-day, mass messa
feat of strength, courageous deed (n) þrekvirki
feather skin, feather-coat, coat; shape (m) fjaðrhamr
feather, wing (f) fjǫðr
feather-coat, feather skin, coat; shape (m) fjaðrhamr
featherless, without feathers (adj) fjaðralauss
feathers (n) fiðri
feeblehearted, 'without strength', pithless; weak (adj) þrótt-lauss
feed (v) fða
feed; give birth to; nurse; rear, bring up; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) fœða (dd)
feel (an emotion); know, know how to; be able; blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) kunna
feel the loss of; miss (v) sakna
fell, slay; fella heitstrengingar á sik - draw down on one a curse for the breaking of an oath (v) fella
fell, strike down (v) nidher-slā (‡)
fellow, friend, partner, comrade, companion (m) félagi
fellow-countryman (m) landi
felt, saddle-pad (m) þófi
female dog, bitch (f) bikkja
fence; enclosed space, yard; farmyard, enclosure; court; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) garðr
fens traveler; one who goes in the fens (m) fen-stigi
festival, feast; summons; battle (n) bǫð, boð
fetter, bind (v) fjǫtra (að)
fetter, bind; hinder, make difficulty; hold back, restrain (v) hepta
fetter, shackle (m) fjǫturr, fjóturr
few; little; a small number; cold, reserved; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) fár
English ---    Top a b c d e f fi g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
fibula; dwarf (m) dvergr
fickle, capricious, unpredictable (adj) margbreytinn
fictitious tale (f) lygi-saga
fiddle (f) fiþla (‡)
fiddle (f) gīgha (‡)
field (stony or gravelly); Stonyvales iǫrovǫllr
field, crop akr
field, meadow (m) hagi
field, plain; ground, level ground; vǫllr brimils - the sea, 'the seal's ground' (m) vǫllr, völlr
fields (muddy or damp) aurvangar
fields, land(s) (n pl) bjǫð
fields; land (n pl) biǫð, bjǫð
fiend; fierce gramer (‡)
fierce, aggressive, terrible (adj) atall
fierce, brave, biting, keen (adj) bitr
fierce, vehement (adj) ákafr
fierce; fiend gramer (‡)
fierce; grim (adj) grimmr, grym
fierce-looking (adj) grimm-ligr
fiercely; terribly (adv) harðliga
fiercest (adj) harðaz
fiery, terrible (adj) ǫndóttr
fifteen (num); fim(m)tándi - fifteenth (ord num) fim(m)tán
fight, assault (f) barsmið
fight, attack (f) sókn
fight, battle; beating, thrashing (m) bardagi
fight; kill, slay; smite; lift; vegask - fight (v) vega
fighter (m) viga-maðr
Fili (personal name) Fíli
fill; complete; fulfill; increase (v) fylla (d)
filled; sorrowful harmfullr
filth, mud (m) saurr
filthy, dirty (adj) ókræsi-legr
find out about, search, explore; kannask við - recognize (v) kanna (að)
find out, inquire (v) forvitnask
find out; know; be aware of; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up(v) vita
find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
find; seek, search for; see; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) leita (að)
finding their own food (adj) sjálf-ala
fine (m) sakeyrir
fine, magnificent (adj) reisiligr
fine, worthy, great; of great value; valued at (adj) gildr
finger (m) fingr
finger gap, space between fingers or talons (n) greip
finish; close; end; use up; shut; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) lúka
finish; do, perform; act; make, build, compose (v) gera (ð)
finished off, done for; made, built; done; ready; sent (adj) gǫrr (van)
Finn (personal name) Finnr
fir tree; tree (m) þollr
fire (bane of switches) sviga lae
fire (cooking fire); búa til seyðis - prepare for cooking (m) seyðir
fire (m) eldr
fire (m) hyrr
fire (n) bál
fire hall, main hall of a long house where benches used for sitting and sleeping were warmed by a long fire that ran the length of the hall and was used for cooking (m) eldaskáli
fire, flame; brenna loga - burn strongly, be ablaze (m) logi
fire, heat (m) bruni
fire, the nourisher of life (m) aldrnari
firebrand (burning wood), blazing brand (m) eldi-stokkr
fireplace or chimney of a forge, hearth afl
firewood (m) eldi-viðr
firewood (piece of), blade; brand (m) brandr
firm, fast; hard, severe; continuous (adj) fastr
firmly; fast, strongly, hard; certainly (adv) fast
first (adv) førra
first (adv) fyrst
first (adv) fyrsti (‡)
first, foremost, earliest (adj) fyrstr
first; ahead, in front, before; before; at hand, present; fyrir
first; already; before; until (adv) áðr
firth, fjord, inlet (m) fjǫrðr
fish (a small fish) murtr
fish (m) fiskr
fishbelly lǫngubak
fishing expedition (f) veiði-ferð
fishing, hunting, catch (f) veiðr
fitting, deserved (adj) makligr
fitting, proper, becoming; deserving (adj) makligr
five (num) fēm (‡)
five (num) fimm
fix, settle; stop (v) steðja
fix; mark, draw; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
fixed in the earth jarðfastr
Fjalar (personal name) Fjalarr
fjord, firth, inlet (m) fjǫrðr
flag, rag (f) flík
flagstone, flat stone (m) hella
flagstone, flat stone, flat slab of rock (m) hellusteinn
flail (n) hálmþúst
flakes of metal; drizzle (n) úr
flame (m) funi
flame, fire; brenna loga - burn strongly, be ablaze (m) logi
flame, wild-fire (m) villi-eldr
flame; heat (m) hiti
flash, gleam, emit rays; shine (v) skína
flask; flösku-skegg - bottlebeard (nickname) (f) flaska
flat slab of rock, flat stone, flagstone (m) hellusteinn
flat stone, flagstone (m) hella
flat stone, flat slab of rock, flagstone (m) hellusteinn
flat, hard rock (n) hǫlkn
flat, not mountainous (adj) ó-fjǫllóttr
flat, prostrate (adj) flatr
flat-nose (as in nickname) (adj) flatnefr
flatter, praise, boast of (v) hœla
flax, linen, bow-string (m) hörr, hǫrr
flax; linen, linen garment; bride's veil (n) lín
flay; strip (of clothes and of money); skin (v) flá
flee (v) flyja, flýja
fleeing, swift; sem fljótast - at once (adj) fljótr
fleet (m) floti
fleetness (m) skjót-leikr
flensing of a whale; cutting, slice; trench (m) skurðr
flesh (n) hold
flesh (n) køt (‡)
flesh, meat (f) slátr
flexible and tough twig (f) viðar-taug
flight (m) flótti
flight, flying; alt er á fǫr ok flaugun - all is in commotion (f) flaugun
fling, throw; sweep; reef (sails) (ship/sailing term) (v) svipta (t)
fling, throw; wind about (v) slyngva, slungnir
flitting, soaring (f) sveimun
float; skipit flaut - the ship floated (at anchor) (ship/sailing term) (v) fljóta
flock, herd; herding (f) hjǫrð
flood, tide (n) flóð
flood; heavy sea; surge of sea (m) sævar-gangr
floor (n) gólf
flour, meal; Fróða mjǫl - gold (n) mjöl, mjǫl
flow, (mid.) stream; pour; sprinkle; ladle; water; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) ausa
flow, run (v) rinna
flow, trend; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
flow; fall, fall down; be slain; fail; falla niðr - fall to the ground; fallask - fail (v) falla
flow; resound; rush (v) þjóta
flower blóm
fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term); spear (for throwing), pike, dart, shaft (m) fleinn
fly (v) fjúka
fly, roll, spring; snore (v) hrjóta
fly; floginn - flying (v) fljúga
flying, flight; alt er á fǫr ok flaugun - all is in commotion (f) flaugun
foal (n) fyl
fodder (n) fóðr
fog, mist (f) þoka
fold, pen; gate of bars (f) grind
foliage, often needles (of pine, etc.) (n) barr
folk, people, men; troop, host of warriors; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) fólk, folk
follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
follower (m) liði
follower, retainer (m) sveitungr
followers, party; help, support; guidance; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) fylgð
following day, morning; á morginn - tomorrow (m) morgin(n), morgun(n)
following; party, followers; help, support; guidance; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) fylgð
following; people; band of men, host; troops; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
folly (f) hégómi
folly, reserve; conceit dul
food (f) eta (‡)
food (hunger's bane) gráðar læ
food (n) gjǫr
food stingy; niggardly with food (adj) matar-illr
food, upkeep; board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð
food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; abode; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) vist
food; meal (m) matr
fool, buffoon (m) dāræ (‡)
fool, minstrel, buffoon (m) lēkare (‡), lækari (‡)
foolish (adj) heimskr
foolish, astray villtr
foolish, unwise (adj) ósnjallr
foolishly (adv) óvitrliga
foot (a clumsy foot) (m) burlufótr, burlufotr
foot of a cow baulufotr
foot, step (as measure); pace (n) fet
foot; leg, foot and leg (m) fótr
foot-board (f) fóta-fjǫl
foothold, step; track, trail, footprint; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) spor
footprint, track, trail; step, foothold; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) spor
for a long time; length (a long way) (adv) langt
for a longer time, longer (time) (adv) lengr
for nothing, without purpose, in vain; fara ørendislaust - go in vain, without a purpose or reason (adv) ørendislaust
for sale; spent (adj) falr
for the longest time, longest (adv) lengst
for this reason; thus, therefore; because of this; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because (conj) því
for, as, to obtain; in; of, concerning; on; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
for, because af því at
for, on behalf of; for, because of; before, preceding; ahead, in front, first, at the head of (leading); at hand, present; along, against; ago; above, superior to; by, by means of; in spite of, against; in return, in retaliation; in the way; along the coast; fyrir austan / norðan / sunnan / vestan - in the east / north / south / west; fyrir borð - overboard; fyrir innan - inside; fyrir neðan - below; fyrir ofan - above; fyrir þér - on your hands; fyrir útan - outside; out beyond; þar fyrir - instead of; on behalf of; before (of time); during; (prep); fyrir því at, fyrir þat er - because (conj) fyrir
for; over; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
forbearance, mercy (f) vægð
forbid (v) for-biūdha (‡)
forbid (v) fyrirbjoða
forbid, ban, prohibit (v) banna (að)
force (ovewhelming force) (n) ofr-lið
force of men, crowd (n) fjǫlmenni
force, power (f) makt (‡)
force, press, urge on, compel; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) knyja, knýja
force, waterfall (m) foss
forecastle guard (ship/sailing term) (m) stafn-búi
forefathers, ancestors (through the father's line) (m pl) langfeðgar
forehead (n) enni
foreign (adj) út-lendr
foreign, from abroad af hafi
foreigner (m) út-lænninge (‡)
foremost, first, earliest (adj) fyrstr
foremost, forward, facing forwards, standing in front; outstanding, excellent; (superl.) farthest back in time, earliest (adj) framr
forest, wood (m) skógr
forest, wood, woodland; rough, stony hill or ridge (n) holt
forest, wood; well-wooded land (m) skóg-land
forest; mark (of silver unless gold is specified) (f) mǫrk
forest; tree; beam; wood; timber (m) viðr
forever; always; ever ey
forever; ever, always (adv) æ, ē (‡)
foreward, preamble, preface; stipulation, condition; formula; charm (m) formáli
forge, build, make (v) smíða (að)
forget; perish, be lost; lose; mistake (v) týna (d)
forgetfulness, non-memory, oblivion óminni
form, shape; body (n) líki
form, shape; size, stature, growth (m) vǫxtr, vöxtr
form; shape (f) mynd
former, previous, before; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) fyrri
formerly, before (adv) fyrrum
formerly, previously (adv) før (‡)
formerly, some time ago; of old (adv) forðum
formula; stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; charm (m) formáli
fortitude lacking, 'without fortitude', timid, gutless, pithless (adj) þrek-lauss
fortitude, strength (n) þrek
fortress, castle, stronghold; town; funeral pyre (f) borg
fortunate as to the seasonal harvest; allra konunga ársælstr - of all kings the most harvest-fortunate (adj) ársæll
fortunate, happy (adj) sæll
fortunate; lucky (adj) heppinn
fortune, good luck (n) happ
forty (num) fiaura-tighi (‡)
forward, on; away; out; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) fram
forward; from the front; from the front side; framan í hann - in his face; framan til mið dags - up to midday (adv) framan
foster (v) fóstra (að)
foster-brother (m) fóstbróðir
foster-father; foster-brother; foster-son; fosterling (m) fóstri
fostering of a child; taka til fóstrs - take as a foster child; vera at fóstri - be a foster-child, be in a fostering relationship (n) fóstr
foster-mother; nurse fóstra
foul weather (n) ill-viðri
foul, unpleasant (adj) fúll, full
fountain, spring (f) kelda, kiælda
four (num); fjórði - fourth (ord num) fjórir
four-cornered (adj) ferskeyttr
fourteen (num); fjórtándi - fourteenth (ord num) fjórtán
fourth (ord num) fjǫrði, fjórði
fox (white arctic fox) (m) mel-rakki
foxhole, lair (of a fox) (n) gren
Fraeg (personal name) Frægr
fragments, bits; piece (m) moli
France (n) Valland
franklin, yeoman; husband; farmer; head of a household (m) bóndi
frantic, mad (adj) œrr
frantic; furious; vehement; enraged; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) ódr
Frar (personal name) Frár
free, unhindered (adj) frels
free; er þér sjálfrátt - you are free to (adj) sjálf-ráðr
free; loose; unimpeded; free of obligation; unsteady; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) lauss
free; með frjálsu - in peace frjáls
free-born man, gentleman; earl (m) jarl
freeman; subject; a good man; servant (m) þegn
free-will (m) sjálf-vili
freeze (v) frjósa
freeze; be cold, become cold (v) kala
French people; inhabitants (esp. Celtic) of France (m pl) Valir
frenzied, raving, raging, mad with fear; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) ódr
frequent, usual; happening; hvat er títt um þik? - what is the matter with you?; ti erum bók - I often occupy myself with books; sem tiðast - as fast as they could; aldrigh tīth (‡) - never (adj) tíðr
frequently, often; as often as possible, always; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) opt
fresh; swift (adj) hraðr
Freyja, a fertility goddess (f) Freyja
Freys, a nickname of Freyr Freys
friend, partner, comrade, companion, fellow (m) félagi
friend, relative, kinsman (m) frændi
friend; patron, leader (m) vinr
friendliness (f) bliða
friendship (esp. a contractual alliance) (n) vinfengi
friendship (esp. a sincere, personal friendship) (f) vinátta
friendship (m) vin-skaper (‡)
friendship, affection (m) kærleikr
Frigg, a goddess, wife of Odin (f) Frigg
frighten, make tremble (v) skelfa (ð)
frighten; (refl.) be afraid of, be frightened (v) hræða (dd)
frighten; (refl.) be frightened (v) fæla (d)
frightened, afraid (adj) hræddr
from (prep) frān (‡)
from above, down; downwards; southwards; on the uppermost part, at the top of; above the surface of; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; ofan um knappinn - around the staff just below the knob; saar owan ā saar (‡) - wound upon wound; þar á ofan - in addition (adv); ofan
from abroad; out; fara út í lǫnd - go abroad (from Norway) (adv) út
from below, from beneath; without motion - beneath, underneath (adv) neðan
from beneath; under (from under); away; away from; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) undan
from everywhere, whence, from where (adv) hvaðan
from here, hence; heðan af - from now on, henceforth (adv) heðan, héðan
from home; from the dwelling (adv) heiman
from inside of; out of, from; of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) ór
from the east; east (of); bearing to the east (adv) austan
from the front; forward; from the front side; framan í hann - in his face; framan til mið dags - up to midday (adv) framan
from the north, northern norþæn
from the south, southern; fyrir sunnan land - in the south of the land; sunnan af landi - from the south of the land (adv) sunnan
from the south; southern (adv) suðrœn
from the west; western; west (of); bearing to the west; fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) vestan
from there, thence; þadan af, þaðan frá - from that point onward (adv) þaðan
from where, whence, from everywhere (adv) hvaðan
from within, outward (adv) innan
from without; outside (of); externally; beyond; without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) útan
from, out of; of; from inside of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) ór
from, out of; with; concerning; because of (prep) af
from; about, concerning (prep); away; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) frá
frost (n) frost
Frost Giants (m pl) Hrímþursar
frost-giant (m) hrímþurs
Frosti, Frosty (personal name) Frosti
froth; juice (n) frauð
fulfill, perfect (v) ful-kompna (‡)
fulfill, perform (v) efna
full levy of men (m) almenningr
full of people, populated, become peopled fjǫlmennask (t)
full outlaw (m) alsekr
full; in full swing; outlaw (full outlaw); fullr af - filled with; fullu - in full; til fullra laga - the the full extent of the law (adj) fullr
full-flood, high-tide (f) há-flœðr
fully roasted (adj) fullsteikinn
Fundin (personal name), foundling Fundinn
funeral feast (n) erfi
funeral pyre; castle, fortress, stronghold; town (f) borg
fur cloak, coat heðinn
fur doublet (m) skinn-hjúpr
fur, skin, hide (n) skinn
furious; frantic; vehement; enraged; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) ódr
furry, hairy (adj) loðinn
furs, fur-ware (f) skinnavara
further, more (adv) fremr
further, other; more fleiri
further; still; also; yet; again; moreover; even (adv) enn
fury of a berserker, going berserk (m) berserksgangr
fury, wrath; weary, tired (m) móðr
future (for the future) a-lengðar
Fyn, Denmark (place name) Fjón
English ---    Top a b c d e f g go h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
gable-wall (m) gaflveggr
gain fame, (mid.) acquire fame; make great (v) mikla (að)
gain possession of, get for oneself; get, possess (v) eignask (að)
gain the victory; overcome; win (v) sigra
gain, win; work; perform, do, accomplish; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
gallant fellow, bold man; warrior (m) drengr
gallantly (adv) prútt
gallantly (adv) rǫskliga
galley (f) galeið
gallop; make run; break up (the court) (v) hleypa
game of tables (resembling backgammon); [from Latin tabula] (n) tafl
game, sport, contest, play; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) leikr
Gamli (personal name), the Old One Gamli
Gandalf (personal name), Staff-elf Gandálfr
Gangleri (personal name, mythlogical), Wanderer, the false name adopted by the Swedish king Gylfi Gangleri
gangway; pier; landing-stage; bridge (f) bryggja
gap, gaping, chasm gap
gape (v) gapa
gape, yawn (v) gína
garment, cloth (n); clothing (n pl) klæði
gate of bars; pen, fold (f) grind
gate of hell, hell gate (f) helgrind
gates of the dead (f pl) nágrindr
gateway of a stronghold (n) borgar-hlið
gather, collect (v) safna
gather, read; express, concoct (v) lesa
gather; collect (v) samka
gather; collect (v) samna
gathering, host (m) samnaðr
gaudy person, dandy oflati
gaze, bend forward to see, glare (v) gægjask (ð)
gaze, look (f) sjón
gaze, see; know of; perceive, understand; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) sjá
gelded sheep, wether (m) geldingr
Gellir's son Gellisson
genealogy (f) ættar-tala
generation, age (f) ald
generosity; magnanimity (f) stórmenska
generosity; open-handedness (m) þegnskapr
generous, merciful (adj) mildr
generously; in princely fashion (adv) hǫfðingliga
genial; easily led, compliant (adj) leiðitamr
gentle (adj) hægr
gentle (adj) hógvær
gentle, easy (to manage) (adj) dæll
gentle, reasonable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
gentleman, free-born man; earl (m) jarl
German Thyt(h)æsk (‡)
German language þýzka
German; southerner; Saxon (m) suðr-maðr
Germany, Southlands (n pl) Suðrlönd
get (as one's lot); cast lots; hlutask til - interfere in, take part in; lutapi bort - decide by lot who was to depart; hlutaðr til - selected by lot (v) hluta
get (as one's lot); receive; be allocated; result; be obliged to (v) hljóta
get back; recover; claim; draw, summon (v) heimta (t)
get dressed; clothe (v) klæða (dd)
get up; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
get, bring, take; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
get, obtain, reach, catch, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)
get, possess; gain possession of, get for oneself (v) eignask (að)
get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could; (v) geta
ghost, undead man (m) haugbúi
ghost, 'undead man'; tree-trunk (m) draugr
giant iæten (‡) = jǫtunn
giant iǫtunn
giant (m) jǫtunn
giant, ogre (m) þurs
giantess (f) gýgr
giantess, ogress (n) flagð
giantess, witch, 'she who dwells in the wood' íviðia
giant-like (like a giant) (adj) þurs-ligr
giants' homeland (m pl) Jötunheimr
gift gipt
gift (f) gjǫf
gild (v) gylla
Gimle, hall inhabited by Light Elves Gimlé
Ginnar (personal name), Betrayer Ginnarr
Ginnungagap, the yawning or gaping void, the primeval void from which the world was created (f) Ginnungagap
gird, put on (v) gyrða
girdle, band (m) fetill
girl (little girl) meyla
girl, maiden, maid, virgin (f) mær
give birth to (v) fæða
give birth to; feed; nurse; rear, bring up; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) fœða (dd)
give heed to; think, believe; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
give help to, help; follow, accompany; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
give in marriage (v) gipta
give one’s name, greet (give formal welcome to) næmnæe
give up, break off, leave off; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða
give, grant; give in marriage; (impers.) be obtainable; gefr byri - one gets a favorable wind (v) gefa
give, grant; help; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡)
give, offer; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
give, put, deliver; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
give; give something as recompense for something; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) gjalda
give; lend (v) ljá (léði)
give; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
give; sell; hand over to another (v) selja, sæliæ
given (was given) (v) gafs (‡)
giver (m) bjóðr
giver (m) gegn
giver, host (m) gefandi
giving wholesome counsel heil-raðr
Gizur (personal name) Gizurr
Gjallarhorn, Yelling Horn, the horn blown by the god Heimdall to announce the beginning of Ragnarok Gjallarhorn
glacier; ice; icicle (m) jǫkull
glad (to be glad); rejoice at, welcome (v) fagna (að)
glad, cheerful, merry (adj) glaðr
glad, joyful (adj) feginn
gladden (v) glaða
gladden (v) hlœgja
gladly, heartily (adv) glaðliga
gladness, merriment (f) gleði
Glam (personal name) Glámr
Glam sight', illusion (n) Glám-sýni
glance off; taunt; sneer at; slice (v) sneiða (dd)
glance, look; ilt til-lit - look expressing dislike (n) til-lit
glare, gaze, bend forward to see (v) gægjask (ð)
glass beads (f pl) gler-tǫlr
gleam, flash, emit rays; shine (v) skína
gleaming (adj) fránn
glide, move slowly; sink gently down; yield (v) síga
Glitnir, silver hall belonging to the god Forseti Glitnir
glitter (v) glita (að)
glitter, glow, shine (v) glóa
Gloi (personal name), Glow Glói
gloomy, depressed (adj) ó-kátr
glorious (adj) hēdher-līcer (‡)
glorious, famous, noble (adj) mærr
glory metnaðr
glory (f) dyrð, dyrk
glory, honor; road, way; journey; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
glory; celebration; gøra at ágætum - give great praise to (n); glorious deeds (n pl) ágæti
glove (m) hanzki
glove of catskin (m) kattskinn-glófi
gloves (m pl) wantæ (‡)
glow, shine, glitter (v) glóa
glum, depressed (adj) óglaðr
gnaw (v) gnaga
Gnitaheath, the heath where Fafnir, as a dragon, lies upon great wealth (f) Gnitaheiðr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g go h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
go (of road), lead; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
go (v) gā (‡)
go (v) gōnga (‡)
go flying, tumble; reek, smoke (v) rjúka
go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at; call, call together, summon (v)  stefna (d)
go rocking, shake (adv) skykkjum
go to (a place), visit; vera at vitr - be found (v) vitja (að)
go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) fara
go, move; pass (usually of time), progress; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) líða
go, try to go; seek, search for; find; see; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) leita (að)
go, walk; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga
go, walk; tread; cram, pack; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) troða
go; hasten (v) hvata
goad, incite, egg on, urge, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) eggja (að)
goad, staff; beam of light (m) geisl
goat (he-goat) brusi
goat (m) hafr
goat (young goat), kid (n) kið
goat's beestings (f) kiðja-mjólk
goat-skin (f) hafrstaka
God guth (‡)
god (heathen) (n) goð, guth
God (m) Guð
god (m); Æsir- one of the two major groups of gods (m pl) áss
goddess (f) ásynja
goddess of the skis, skiing goddess (f) ǫndur-dis
goddess, known only as the mother of Loki (f) Laufey
gods (m pl) tivar
gods of battle; warrior gods (m pl) val-tivar
gods, powers, rulers (n pl) regin
going berserk, fury of a berserker (m) berserksgangr
going out (f) út-ganga
gold (f) marglóð
gold (n) gull
gold ring (m) gullhringr
gold ring (n) gull-fingrini (‡)
gold, 'arm stone' (m) hramm-þviti
gold, metal of strife (m) rógmálmr
gold, 'river-fire' (m) á-brandr
golden collar (n) gull-band
golden helmet (m) gull-hjálmr
golden-horned (adj) gullhyrndr
good faith, troth (f) trúa
good luck gipta
good luck, fortune (n) happ
good omen; luck (good luck) (n and f) heill
goods (n) góz
goods, merchandise (m) varnaðr
good-tempered; er skappgott - one is in good spirits (adj) skap-góðr
goodwill (m) góðvili
goose (f) gás
gore (by cattle), ram, (head)butt; stangask - butt each other (v) stanga
gorge, ravine (n) gil
Gorm (personal name), first king of the Jelling dynasty in Denmark Gormr
Goths (m pl) Gautar
Goths, (pl) the Goths Gotar
Gothvinasun (personal name) Goðvinasun
govern, rule over, command (v) stjórna
govern, steer, command, direct, rule; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
government (f) rætzl (‡)
government of the land (n) landráð
government, guidance (f) stýris (‡)
grace, mercy (f) miskunn
grace, peace, quiet (f pl) nādhir (‡)
grace; loyalty, allegiance, favor (f) hylli
gracious; happy, pleasant (adj) bliðr
grain; corn; seed (n) korn
Gramr, the name of a sword (m) Gramr
grand, magnificent (adj) stór-mannligr
grandmother (f) amma
grandson, daughter's son (m) dótturson
grandson; son's son (m) sonar-son, sonarsonr
Grani, the name of Sigurd's horse (m) Grani
grant, allow; not to grudge; love (v) unna
grant, give; give in marriage; (impers.) be obtainable; gefr byri - one gets a favorable wind (v) gefa
grant, give; help; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡)
grape (n) vín-ber
grape-vine (m) vín-viðr
grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang
grasp, take hold of, pick up; take, capture, catch, seize; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
grasp; get, take, procure; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
grasp; þrifa í - lay hold of; þrifa til - grab hold of (v) þrífa
graspingness (f) seiling
grass (n) græs (‡)
grass or turf patch (f) torfa
grass; herb; pasture; vegetation; plant (n) gras
grass-covered clefts (in the hillside) (f pl) gras-geilar
grassless (adj) svarð-lauss
grassy (adj) grǫsugr
grave destruction; breaking open of a grave-mound (n) hauga-brot
grave fire, fire from graves (m) hauga-eldr
grave mound; burial mound; mound (m) haugr
grave, cairn (f) dys
gravel, pebbles; haukstrandar mǫl - gold rings mǫl, möl
gravelly riverbank; sandbank; shoal; spit, small spit of land running into the sea (f) eyrr
gray (adj) hǫss (van)
gray (all gray) al-grár
gray-bearded, gray-haired, hoary; (a name of Odin) hárr
graze; rest (v) æja
grazing, pasturage (f) beiting
grease (v) smyriæ (‡), smurþe (‡)
greased (freshly greased) (adj) ný-smurþær (‡)
great man, prominent man, wealthy man, man of power (m) ríkismaðr
great number, store; multitude, plenty of (f) fjölð
great river (f) elfr
great, fine, worthy; of great value; valued at (adj) gildr
great, huge, big (adj) stórr
great, powerful, magnificent; mighty (adj) ríkr
greatest, most (adj) mestr
great-grandfather (m) ái
greatly ákaft
greatly (adv) mikit
greed (f) ágirni
greedy (adj) frekr
green (adj) grœnn
green in the winter vetr-grœnn
Greenland's, belonging to Greenland Grœnlenzkr
greet (give formal welcome to), give one’s name næmnæe
greet (v) heilsa
greet, greeting; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
greet, salute; kveðja (upp) - call up, summon (v) kveðja (kvaddi)
greeting, salute (f) kveðja
Grettir (personal name) Grettir
grey (adj) grár
grey-haired, hoary, grey-bearded; (a name of Odin) hárr
grief, sorrow (m) angr
grief, sorrow (m) harmr
grief, sorrow, misfortune (n) bǫl, böl
grieve, vex (v) harma
grim; fierce (adj) grimmr, grym
grimace (v) gretta (tt) sik
grin; glotta við tǫn - grin contemptuously (showing the teeth) (v) glotta
grind (v) mala
grip; grípa til - take up, lay hold of (v) grípa
gripe (v) rella
gripe, bitch beiskaldi
groan (v) stundi
groan, moan (m) stynr
groan, moan (v) stynja, stundi
groan, wail (v) ymja (umdi)
groaning; humming sound (m) ymr
groin (m) nári
ground, bottom (m) grunnr
ground, bottom; broad surface; surface of the earth, earth grund
ground, level ground; field, plain; vǫllr brimils - the sea, 'the seal's ground' (m) vǫllr, völlr
ground, soil; earth, world; land (f) jörð, jǫrð
group or body of men (f); troop; band, company; region; community, district (f pl) sveit
grove (m) lundr
grow (big), thrive, increase (v) þróask (að)
grow (v) gróa
grow dark; become night (v) nátta
grow pale; fade (v) fǫlna (að)
grow up; give birth to; feed; nurse; rear, bring up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) fœða (dd)
grow, grow big, increase, wax; grown up; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) vaxa
growing wild, self-sown sjálf-sáinn
grown up (just) (adj) frum-vaxta
grown up; grow, grow big, increase, wax; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) vaxa
growth, fame, success; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability (m) frami
growth, increase (m) ávǫxtr
growth, size, stature; shape, form (m) vǫxtr, vöxtr
guard against; watch (v) varða (að)
guard, attend to, tend, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) gæta (tt)
guard, keeper (m) gætir
guard, watch; warden; coastguard, watchman (m) vorðr, vörðr
guard; watch (v) geyma
guess, think, suppose; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
guest (m) boðsmaðr
guest (m) gestr
guidance, government (f) stýris (‡)
guidance; help, support; party, followers; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) fylgð
guide; direct (v) vísa
guild; feast; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation; recompense, return (n) gildi
guild-brethren (m pl) gildisbrœðr
guiltless, innocent saklauss
guilty; convicted; outlawed, condemned to outlawry; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) sekr
gull, seagull; mew (m) már, mór
Gullveig (personal name) Gullveig
gum (of mouth) (m) gómr
Gunnar (personal name) Gunnarr
Gunnhild (personal name) Gunnhildr
Gunnlath (personal name) Gunnlǫð
gunwale? hástokkr?
gush, burst out; erupt (v) gjósa
gut (fat gut) istrumagi
gutless, timid, 'without fortitude', pithless (adj) þrek-lauss
guts (small-guts), intestines (m pl) smá-þarmar
Gylfir (personal name), king in Sweden, name of a Viking Gylfi
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h he ho i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
habit, custom; obligation; leggja í vanða sin - make a habit of (m) vandi
habitation (human) (f) manna-vist
habits; custom, manner, kind, type; (m); activity, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr
Hafrsfjord (place name) Hafrsfjörðr
hag (old hag), old woman (f) kerling
hail (m) hagall
Hail! bæði heila hittask - bade god-speed to meet again heill
hail-stone (n) haglkorn
hailstorm; shower, passing storm (n) él
hair (n) hár
hair (of head) (m) haddr
hair shirt (n) hār-klæðhe (‡)
hair, locks (f) skǫr, skör
haired; mjǫk hærðr - having abundant hair hærðr
hairy, furry (adj) loðinn
Hakon (personal name); Hákon jarl Grjótgarðsson - Earl Hakon, son of Grjotgard, Stone-Fence Hákon
halberd (one type of halberd), long spear (f) kæsia (‡)
Haldan (personal name); Hálfdanr svarti - Haldan the Black, 9th century Norwegian king and father of Harald Shaggyhair/Fairhair Hálfdanr
hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
half; hálfu - by half; by far, twice as much hálfr
half; í helminga - in halves; equally (m) helmingr
Halfdan's mounds (m pl) Hálfdanarhaugar
Halfdan's son Hálfdanarson
halftroll halftroll
hall, house consisting of one room; (m) (a complex) dwelling; ground (m pl) salr
hall, main hall, sleeping-hall; shed (m) skáli
hall; há foldar hǫll - the high hall of the world, the heavens (f) höll, hǫll
Halland, Denmark, now part of Sweden (place name) Halland
hall-floor (n) hallargólf
Hallgertha (personal name), Gunnar's wife Hallgerðr
hallow, consecrate; lay a spell on (v) vígja (ð)
halt, stop (v) stǫðva
halyard (ship/sailing term) ak-taug
halyard (ship/sailing term) dragreip
hammer handle (n) hamar-skapt
hammer; crag, cliff (m) hamarr
hamstring sinew, tendon hásin
Hanar (personal name) Hánarr
hand (a man's hand) (f) manns-hönd
hand (f) mund
hand out, share; distribute; mediate; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) miðla
hand over to another; give; sell (v) selja, sæliæ
hand, arm and hand; side, part; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) hǫnd, hönd
handle, shaft of cart; á hávu skapti -on a long shaft; (n) skapt
handless, bereft of a hand, lacking a hand, one-armed handarvanr
handmaid, maidservant; bondwoman (f) ambátt
handshake; shaking hands in conclusion of an agreement (n usually pl) handsal
handsome, beautiful, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful, promising (adj) vænn
handsome, beautiful, fine (adj) friðr
hand-washing bowl (n) i muntlauki
hanging, long, overhanging (adj) síðr
happen, become, turn out; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
happen, come to pass; reach, touch, strike against; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; begin (with infin.); undertake; choose; accept, receive; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
happen, happen to, befall, come to pass; change, become; have to, be obliged to; chance to be; take place; verð at - become; verða í - happen; verða at grjóti - turn to stone; verða at sœtt - reconcile; verða fyrir - comein the way of, come under; verða sæhafa - be driven off-course (when sailing) (ship/sailing term); verða til langæðar - be one's lot for long; ekki verðr af oss - nothing comes of our efforts; ekki mundi okkr til orðit - nothing (i.e., no trouble) would have arisen between us; varð þeim þat fyrir - it happened to them; fé þeira varð vel - their cattle did well; at því mun mǫrgum verða - it shall happen to many accordingly; as many shall learn to their cost; varð fyrir þeim mǫrk - they came upon a forest; at bǫnum vertask - slay each other; verðið vel við - keep up your hearts; vitlitill við - act foolishly about; nú er á orðit mikit fyrir mér - now I have come under great difficulty; varð fyrir þeim mǫrk - they came upon a forest; vera satt - be proved true; vera at bana - be the death of, slay; at bǫnum verðask- slay each other; verðja víss - find out, ascertain; verðið vel við - keep up your hearts; verða við - respond to; verða vitlítill við - act foolishly about (v) verða
happen, turn out; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) fara
happen; be; last; stay; be done; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡)
happening; frequent, usual; hvat er títt um þik? - what is the matter with you?; ti erum bók - I often occupy myself with books; sem tiðast - as fast as they could; aldrigh tīth (‡) - never (adj) tíðr
happiness; prosperity sæla
happy, blessed; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
happy, fortunate (adj) sæll
happy, pleasant; gracious (adj) bliðr
Har (personal name), Greyhair Hár
Harald (personal name); Haraldr blátönn - Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark (958-987 AD); Haraldr harðráði - Harald the Ruthless, Norwegian king (1045-1066); Haraldr hárfagri - Harald Fairhair also Haraldr lúfa - Harald Shaggyhair, Norwegian king who reigned from ca. 860-930; Klakk-Haraldr - Klakk Harald Haraldr
harbor; holding, possession (f) höfn, hǫfn
hard in counsel, tyrannical, ruthless (adj) harðráðr
hard of heart (adj) for-hardher (‡)
hard snow (n) hjarn
hard, difficult; severe, sharp (adj) harðr
hard, fast (adv) mikinn
hard, fast, strongly; firmly; certainly (adv) fast
hard, severe (adj) snarpr
hard, severe; firm, fast; continuous (adj) fastr
hard; sharply hart
harden, clench (v) herða
hard-hearted; ruthless; resolute (adj) harðhugaðr
hardihood; experience of hardship (n) harð-ræði
hardihood; spirit (m) krellr
hardily, vigorously (adv) knáliga
hardly, scarcely (adv) trauðla
hardships (of bad weather) (n) vás
hard-working man (m) iðjumaðr
hardy, vigorous (adj) knáligr
harm, damage, loss; death (m) skaði
harm, danger (m) háski
harm, destruction, misfortune, bane; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n)
harm, do harm to (v) skaða (að)
harm, hurt ógagn
harm, injury, pain, hurt; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) mein
harm, shame (m) vansi
harm; difficulty, need, distress; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) nauð(r)
harmful mainsamr
harmful, violent (adj) mein-samr
harness, trace (of harness) (m) skökull
harness, trappings; rigging, tackle; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) reiði
harrier, destroyer herr
harry, raid; plunder; make war (v) herja (að)
harrying, warfare (m) herskapr
harsh (adj) stirð-lyndr
harsh, severe; stiff, rigid (adj) stirðr
harsh, unmerciful (adj) óvægr
harsh, wretched, shameful, bitter (adj) herfiligr
harshly (adv) stirt
hart, stag (m) hjörtr
hart's horn (n) hjarta-horn
harvest, season (f) árferð
has not come (v) kom-at
hasten; go (v) hvata
hasten; hurry, cause to hasten (v) skynda (d)
hastily, quickly (adv) skyndi-liga
hasty, sudden, impatient; hot-tempered (adj) bráðr
hate (n) hath (‡)
hateful (adj) leiðr
Hati, the wolf that pursues the moon (m) Hati
hatred, envy (f) awnd (‡)
haughtiness, pride (n) draumblæti
haughty woman (m) svarri
haughty, proud, arrogant (adj) stórlátr
haughty; daring; ambitious (adj) stór-ráðr
Haugspori, Mound-river Haugspori
haul (ship/sailing term) hala
haul (v) draga
have a household, keep house; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) búa
have authority in; cause; be the cause of; wield; have in charge (v) valda
have claim to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga
have dealings with (v) blandask
have duty to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga
have fortune, fare; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) fara
have in charge; cause; be the cause of; wield; have authority in (v) valda
have in marriage; own, have, possess; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga
have intercourse with; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
have need of; need; (impers.) be necessary; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is necessary (v) þurfa, thorfua (‡)
have not (they have not) eigu-t
have something done; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
have the power to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight (v) eiga
have to, must, owe, be obligated; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) eiga
have, make use of; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
have, own, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) eiga
have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
having a handle of walrus ivory tann-skeptr
having become a retainer hand-genginn
having eyes; eygðr mjǫk - having big eyes eygðr
having finished a meal mettr
having little good sense, witless (adj) vit-lítill
having low lying shores, not steep by the sea (adj) ó-sæbrattr
having no curiosity ó-forvitinn
having regular features (adj) rétt-leitr
hawk (m) haukr
hawk (m) heiðir
hawknose hauknefr
hay-making (n) hey-verk
hay-making (n) hey-virki
haymaking season (f pl) heyja-annir
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h he ho i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
he (pron) hann
he who, whever (pron) hwilkæn (‡)
he who, whoever (pron) sá er
head (upper end) of lake; lake head (m) vatns-botn
head of a household; husband; farmer; yeoman, franklin (m) bóndi
head 'the support of the helmet' (m) hjalmstallr
head, top, summit (m) kollr
head; person (n) höfuð, hǫfuð
headbutt, ram, gore (by cattle); stangask - butt each other (v) stanga
headland, ness (n) nes
headlong (adv) hrapalliga
healed; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
healthy, unscathed, in health; hale; sound, safe; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
heap hrúga
hear of; learn; ask; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) fregna
hear, hear of; heyra til - hear a sound from; ekki lét heyra sín - did not let a sound be heard from him (v) heyra (ð)
hear, listen to; (impers.) be allowable; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) hlýða (dd)
hearing, silence (n) hljóð
heart (n) hjarta
heart, breast, 'shore of the mind' (f) mun-strǫnd
heart, life-morsel (m) fjörsegi
heart, mind; difference; fyrir engan mun - for no consideration (m) munr
hearth, fireplace or chimney of a forge afl
heartily, gladly (adv) glaðliga
heart's blood (n) hjartablóð
heat (excessive heat) (m) ofr-hiti
heat (v) verma (d)
heat, fire (m) bruni
heat; flame (m) hiti
heat; vehemence (m) ákafi
heath (on high ground), moor (f) heiðr
heathen heiðinn
heathen; sacrifice (n) blót
heathendom (f) heiðni
heathenism, superstition (f) hindrvitni
heave, lift, raise; begin; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) hefja
heaven (m) hime-rike (‡)
heaven, sky (m) himinn
heavens ('upper heaven'), the heavens or sky above (m) upp-himinn
heavy sea; surge of sea; flood (m) sævar-gangr
heavy; difficult; be necessary; þungt ganga - go badly; er þungt í skapi - one is heavy-hearted (adj) þungr
Hebrides (from a Norwegian perspective, lit the South Isles) (f pl) Suðreyjar
Hebrides resident, someone from the Hebrides Suðreyskr
heed (v) gá (ð)
heed, mind; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
heel (m) hæll
Heidrun, a goat that gives mead in Välhöll (m) Heiðrún
heifer (f) kuīgha (‡)
height, hill (f) hæð
Heimdall, the watchman god, who guards the rainbow-bridge; one of the Æsir; World-radiance (m) Heimdallr
heir (m) arfi
heir (m) arwæ (‡)
heir(m) erfingi
Heithrek (personal name) Heiðrekr
hell gate, gate of hell (f) helgrind
hell; Hel, abode of the dead, separate from Vahalla, and ruled over by a goddess of the same name; death; í hel - to death (f) hel
helm, helmet (m) hjálmr
helm, rudder (n) stýri, styri
helmet, helm (m) hjálmr
help (f) hielp (‡)
help (f) hjálp
help (n) lið-sinni
help in difficulty; góðr ó-a - ready to help (f) ór-lausn
help in running a household (n pl) bús-hœgindi
help, aid (n) fullting
help, aid, be useful, be of avail, be of assistance; be safe for; do, show prowess; gott at duga - good (easy) to help; duga verr - come off badly, fare worse (in a contest) (v); suffice (vi) duga
help, aid, protection; inspection; appearance, shape (f) ásjá
help, aid; people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
help, assist; work, do; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) týja
help, benefit (m) beini
help, give help to; follow, accompany; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
help, patronage (n) um-ráð
help, protection, support, confidence (n) traust
help, save (v) bjarga
help, save (v) hjálpa
help, support; guidance; party, followers; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) fylgð
help; avail (v) tjá (ð)
help; give, grant; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡)
help; support (f) lið-veizla
helpful (adj) gagnsamr
helpfulness (f) gagnsemð
helpless state (m) lama-sess
hem, border, end of cloak; sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) skaut
hence, from here; heðan af - from now on, henceforth (adv) heðan, héðan
henchman; man; person; human being; husband (m) maðr, man, maþær
Hengjankjapta, a giantess killed by Thor (f) Hengjankjapta
hens hænsn (‡)
hens (n pl) hœnsn
Hepti (personal name), 'the handle, haft' Hepti
her, hers hennar
her, his, its, their (pron) sinn
herb; grass; pasture; vegetation; plant (n) gras
herd, flock; herding (f) hjǫrð
herd; people; band of men, host; troops; following; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
herding the sheep (f) smala-ferð
herding; herd, flock (f) hjǫrð
herdsman (m) féhirðir
herdsman (m) hirðir
herdsman, shepherd (m) smala-maðr
here (n)
here (to here), hither; hingat til - hitherto, up to this time, until now (adv) hingat
here, hither heðra
here; hér af - from this (adv) hér
Herjolf's Fjord (place name) (m) Herjólfsfjörðr
Herjólfsnes; Herjólf's Headland (place name) (n) Herjólfsnes
armor oneself; herklæða sik - put armor on (v) herklæða (dd)
hero (m) ǫldungr
hero, champion (m) kappi
hero, man (m) halr
hero, man (m) hǫlðr, hǫldr
hero; man; warrior; boy (m) seggr
heron hegri
Hervarth (personal name) Hervarðr
Hervor (personal name) Hervǫr
hide (f) húð
hide, bury, cover over, conceal (v) hylja
hide, care, care for, mind, conceal; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) hirða (ð)
hide, conceal; leynask - hide oneself, be concealed; leynask í brott, leynask í burt - steal away, leave (v) leyna (d)
hide, conceal; make over, commend (v) fela
hideous, ugly illi-ligr
hideously (adv) afskræmi-liga
high day, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning at noon, midday, noon (n) hádegi
high up (adv) ofar-liga
high, tall, lofty; loud (adj) hár
higher (in dignity) (adj) œðri
highest æztr
highest (adj) hoystr (‡)
highest (adv) efst
highest, noblest (adj) œztr
highest, uppermost efstr
high-seat, throne, seat of honor (n) hásæti
high-tide, full-flood (f) há-flœðr
Hildr (personal name), a valkyrie Hildr
hill (rough, stony hill or ridge); wood, woodland, forest (n) holt
hill, height (f) hæð
hill, hillock, knoll (m) hóll
hill, hillock, knoll (m) hváll
hill, mountain (n) fell
hill-crest; ridge háls
hill-giant (m) berg-risi
hillock, hill, knoll (m) hóll
hillock, hill, knoll (m) hváll
hill-side, mountain-side; side; slope (f) hlið
hillside, slope brekka
hill-side; leaning, sloping; hallr í göngu - stooped, walking with a stoop (n) hallr
hilt (of a sword) (n pl) hjǫlt
Himinbjorg, place where Bifröst enters Ásgarðr (n pl) Himinbjörg
hind; farther back eptri
hinder (v) tálma (að)
hinder, dissuade (v) letja (latti)
hinder, make difficulty; bind, fetter; hold back, restrain (v) hepta
hire, rent (v) leiga (ð)
hired help, labor (n) forvirki
his (pron) hans
his, her, its, their (pron) sinn
history fræði
history, lore; knowledge (f and n) frœði
history; story; what is said, saga, legend; saga til - a story about (f) saga
hit, find, meet; come to; come upon; arrive at; visit, call on, meet with; meet each other; hit upon; go to see; hitta á - come upon, find; hitta rað - devise a plan; hittask - meet one (v) hitta (tt)
hit, hurt, dare; venture; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) bella
hither, to here; hingat til - hitherto, up to this time, until now (adv) hingat
Hjadnings fight (n) Hjaðningavíg
Hjalmar (personal name) Hjálmarr
Hjalprek, legendary king (m) Hjálprekr
Hjarðarholt, Herd's Hill (place name) (n) Hjarðarholt
Hleiðargarð, the court of Hrolf Kraki; Hleithargarth, Lejre Hleiðargarðr
Hlevang (personal name), Lee-plain Hlévangr
Hlidarendi, Slope's End (place name) Hliðarendi
Hlidskjalf, the seat on which Odin sits in his hall Valaskjálf Hliðskjálf
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h he ho i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
Hoenir, a god (m) Hœnir
Hof estate (n) Hofsland
Hof residents (m pl) Hofsverjar
hoist, wind; twist, wring, squeeze; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) vinda
Hol (place name), hill (m) Hóll
hold a place against; defend, protect; keep away; keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) verja (varði)
hold back, restrain; hinder, make difficulty; bind, fetter (v) hepta
hold or compartment in hold (ship/sailing term) rúm
hold together; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
hold, grasp, catch; wrestling, contest; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang
hold, grip, hold fast; keep, retain; steer, direct; protect; last, hold good, remain; halda at (or til) - go to, sail to; halda fram - hold a course; halda í haf - put out to (open) sea; halda inn með - make one's way into; halda saman - fasten together; halda tal af - value the counsel of; gieta sic uppi haldit - succeed in maintaining oneself; halda á - hold in hand, wield, carry; halda á brottu - make off; halda medh (‡) - take the side of; halda undan - run away; halda við flótta - be on the point of fleeing; halda undan - fly, flee; halda sveit - hold command over a troop; halda upp - hold up; halda við - stand or hold against; haldask - hold, last (v) halda
hold, keep, possess; have; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
hold; lift, raise, heave; begin; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) hefja
holding, possession; harbor (f) höfn, hǫfn
hole (f) rauf
hole, hollow (n) hol
hole, pit, ditch (f) grǫf, gróf
hole, pool (m) hylr
hollow (adj) holr
hollow, hole (n) hol
Holmgard, modern Novgorod (place name) Hólmgarðr
holy (most holy), sacred ginnheilagr
holy day (f) hōgh-tiið (‡)
holy enclosure (m) staf-garðr
holy place (m) helgistaðr
holy, sacred; protected; heilgir fiskar - halibuts (adj) heilagr
homage (m) man-dōm (‡)
home (n); at home (adv) heima
home, homestead (n pl) hȳ-bȳli
home, homestead (n) heimili
home, house, household; farm; estate (n)
home, house, household; farming, farm, dwelling; estate; livestock (n)
home; homeward; to(wards) the house (adv) heim
homestead heimstǫð
homestead(s), courtyards of a house (pl.), premises heimisgarðar
homestead, farm (f) staðfesta
homestead, home (n pl) hȳ-bȳli
homestead, home (n) heimili
homestead; walls or foundations of a (former) building (f) topt
homeward; home; to(wards) the house (adv) heim
homosexual (passively), cowardly, womanish, effeminate (adj) argr
homosexual (passively), effeminate, cowardly (adj) ragr
honest; fair-minded (adj) ør-grandr
honey-dew (f) hunangsfall
honor sæmd
honor (v) hēdhra (adh) (‡)
honor, credit (f) mann-virðing
honor, glory; road, way; journey; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
honor, respect, value, reputation (f) virðing
honor, respect, value, reputation (f) virðing
honor; compensation (m) sómi
honor; redress, compensation (f) sœmð, sœmd
honorable sæmiligr
honorable, magnificent (adj) virðu-ligr
honorable; becoming (adj) sœmi-ligr
honorable; magnificent (adj) frægiligr
honorably (adv) ágætliga
hood hǫfuðdúkr
hood (m) hattr
hood (m) hǫttr
hood of lamb-skin (m) lambskinns-kofri
hook (m) krókr
hop; throw; shoot; launch (boat); roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) skjóta
hope for, expect (v) vænta (t)
hope, expect (v) vætta
hope, expectation, prospect; probability; sem ván var - as was to be expected; erumk vánir - I am expecting; at vánum - to be expected; vánu bráðara - sooner than expected; (f) ván
hopeful; beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; promising (adj) vænn
Hordaland (place name) (n) Hörðaland
horizon or precinct of heaven, rim of heaven, sky himinioðurr
horn; drinking horn; corner (n) horn
Hornbori (personal name) Hornbori
horror, phantom (n) skrípi
horse (poetic) (m) drasill
horse, stallion (m) hestr
horse, steed; sea (m) marr
horse; mare (n) hross
horse; means of conveyance (m) farar-skjóti
horse-flesh (n) hrossakjǫt
horseman, 'horse-tree'; vágaviggruðr, ruðrvágviggs - seafarer, 'tree (man, rider) of the steed of the waves' (m) vígg-ruðr
horseman, rider (m) riddari
horse-prick (m) beytill
Horvarth (personal name) Hjǫrvarðr
Hoskuldsstadir, Hoskuld's farmstead (place name) Höskuldsstaðir
hospitality, liberality (f) risna
hospitality; invitation (f) lǫð
host (n) fjǫl
host of warriors, troop; folk, people, men; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) fólk, folk
host, band of men; people; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
host, gathering (m) samnaðr
host, multitude (n) mengi
host; companion (m); host, company (m pl) sinni
hostage; bailiff; warder (m) gísl
hostile, unreconciled (adj) ó-sāter (‡)
hostility, contumely; insult (n) nið
hostility, war; strife (m) ó-friðr
hot (adj) heitr
Hott (personal name), Hood (the Masked One) (m) Höttr, Hǫttr
hot-tempered; sudden, hasty, impatient (adj) bráðr
Hott's guardian Hattargriði
hound, dog (m) hundr
hour; time; period of time; a while, a time; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) stund
house bær
house consisting of one room, hall; (m) (a complex) dwelling; ground (m pl) salr
house, home, household; farm; estate (n)
house, home, household; farming, farm, dwelling; estate; livestock (n)
house; room of house (n); farm (n pl) hús
house-building (f) húsgørð
house-folk, thralls (n) man
household (n pl) hjú
household, home, house; farm; estate (n)
household, home, house; farming, farm, dwelling; estate; livestock (n)
housewife (f) rygr
housewife; lady of the house (f) húsfreyja
how, however; just how (adv) hversu
how, in what way (adv) hvernig, hvernug
how; as at því er
how? huræ
how? (adv) hvé
however, how; just how (adv) hversu
however, nevertheless; yet, and yet; þo at, þótt - though, even if (adv) þó
however; whether; (introduces direct question); hvart er - can it be? (adv) hvárt
howl, yell (v) ýla, yla
howling (m) þytr
Hrani (personal name) Hrani
Hreidmar (personal name); the father of Otr, Fafnir and Regin (m) Hreðmarr
Hringariki (place name) (n) Hringariki
Hrolf (personal name); Hrólfr kraki - Hrolf Kraki, legendary Danish king (m) Hrólfr
Hrolf the Walker (personal name) Göngu-Hrólfr
Hrotti, sword from the Völsung cycle, part of Fáfnir's treasure, which Sigurðr took after he slew the dragon (m) Hrotti
Hrungnir, a giant killed by Thor with his hammer (m) Hrungnir
Hrutsstadir (place name); Hrut's farmstead (m) Hrútsstaðr
huge (of huge proportions) (adj) stór-skorinn
huge, great, big (adj) stórr
hugely (adv) stórum
hull (frame of ship's hull) röng
hull (ship/sailing term) húfr
hull, board, strake, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð
human mann-ligr
human menskr
human being; man; person; husband; henchman (m) maðr, man, maþær
human intelligence, common sense; intelligence (n) mannvit
human likeness or form, being in human shape manlíkan
human sacrifice (n) mann-blót
human, man (m) gumi
humankind; men, people; living beings or creatures (m pl) firar
humbly (adv) lítillátliga
humiliation; disgrace (f) læging
humiliation; insult (f) hrakning
humming sound; groaning (m) ymr
hump, hunchback (f) kúla
hunchback, hump (f) kúla
hundred; tólfrætt hundrað = 120; tírætt hundrað = 100 (n) hundrað
hunger (m) gráðr
hunger (m) sultr
hunger; svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (m) hungr
hungry, starving (adj) soltinn
hunt; catch (v) veiða
hunting expedition (f) veiði-fǫr
hunting king (m) veiði-konnungr
hunting, fishing, catch (f) veiðr
huntsman (m) veiði-maðr
hurdle (m) hurðarflaki
hurl (v) færa
hurl (v) sløngva
hurl; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
hurl; shoot; let something fly (v) fleygja (gð)
hurry, cause to hasten; hasten (v) skynda (d)
hurry, crowd, throng, drift, rush (vi) drifa
hurry, race (v) rás
hurt, harm ógagn
hurt, hit, dare; venture; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) bella
hurt, injure, damage; maim; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) meiða (dd)
hurt, injury, pain, harm; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) mein
husband, man (m) verr
husband; farmer; yeoman, franklin; head of a household (m) bóndi
husband; man; person; human being; henchman (m) maðr, man, maþær
Hvinir (place name) Hvinir
Hyrrokkin, a giantess killed by Thor Hyrrokkin
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
I iak (‡)
I (pron) ek
I cannot má-k-at
I have not seen sá-k-a-k
I was not vas-k-a
Iari (personal name) Iari
ice breaking; við ísa-brot - when the ice broke up (in the spring) (n) ísabrot
ice, icicle (m) íss
ice; fetils svell - the gleaming sword (n) svell
ice; glacier; icicle (m) jǫkull
Iceland (n) Ísland
Iceland geography (from the west-fjord district of Iceland) vest-firzkr
Icelandic (adj) íslenzkr
icicle, ice (m) íss
icicle; glacier; ice (m) jǫkull
if (conj) um (‡)
if; (to see) if; whether; lest (conj) ef
if; but, and; than; when; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) en
ignominy, dishonor (m) ósómi
ignorant, uninformed (adj) óvitr
ill fame (of ill fame) wæi-mærr (‡)
ill, badly (adv) illa
ill; sore (adj) van-mátta
ill-clad, naked; setja nøkðan - erase (adj) nøkkviðr, nøktan
ill-favored, ugly, mean-looking (adj) vesal-ligr
ill-favored, wretched (adj) ó-sælligr
illness, sickness (f) sótt
illuminate; dawn; proclaim (v) lysa
impassable ófærr
impassable, unable to move (adj) ó-fœrr
impatient, sudden, hasty; hot-tempered (adj) bráðr
impetuously, exceedingly, very, vehemently (adv) ákafliga
importance; consequence (f) til-kváma
important (of the greatest importance) mest-háttar
impose, pronounce, decree; make, create (v) skepia (skóp, skapða)
imposing, of distinguished appearance (adj) mikil-úðligr
improve; batnar - one recovers (v) batna
impure (adj) óhreinn
in a row (adv) í samt
in a trance, entranced; intense(ly) hugleikinn
in accordance with, corresponding to; like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; similar to (adj) líkr, glíkr
in any way, somewhat (adv) nǫkkut, nǫkkuru
in crowds, in large numbers (adv) fjölmennt
in days gone by, said of old (n) forn-kveðit
in exchange, meet (them) (adv) móti, mōte (‡)
in good spirits; merry with ale ǫl-teitr
in haste (adv) snar-liga
in many places, widely, far and wide; extensively (adv) víða
in no way enga-lund
in such a way (adv) slíkt
in that place; there; since; although; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) þar
in the beginning of (adj) ǫnd-verðr
in the course of; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of (prep); onwards (adv) á
in the meantime; (á) meðan - while, when (conj) meðan
in the meantime; while, as long as, whilst (adv) meðan
in the north country norðan-lands
in this way, so, thus; also; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) svá
in truth sanne-līka (‡)
in truth, certainly (adv) víst
in unsoldierly fashion (adv) ó-hermannliga
in vain, without purpose, for nothing; fara ørendislaust - go in vain, without a purpose or reason (adv) ørendislaust
in what way, how (adv) hvernig, hvernug
in, (all) over; over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
in, at; as to, as, with respect to; on account of, by reason of; close up to, around, by, to, towards, against; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after (prep) at
in, at; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
in, into (motion toward); within (adv) inn
in, within; at (position); during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í
in; á miðli - between, among (adv) miðli, milli, millum
in; between (prep) milli
in; í bland (‡) - among (prep) bland (‡)
in; í gær - yesterday gær
in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
in; um (or of) síðir - at last (f pl) síðir
incautiously (adv) ó-varliga
incest (n) sifja-slit
incite, goad, egg on, urge, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) eggja (að)
incite; etja vandræðum við mik - set yourself in defiance against me (v) etja
incompetent (adj) skreyja
increase (f) økilse (‡)
increase, augment; add; exceed, surpass; aukaþis - multiplied (v) auka
increase, grow (big), thrive (v) þróask (að)
increase, grow, grow big, wax; grown up; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) vaxa
increase, growth (m) ávǫxtr
increase; fœrask í aukana - exert the utmost of one's strength (m) auki
incumbrance (on an estate); tax, due; reason; sake (f) skyld
indented with bays vág-skorinn
indented with firths (fjords) fjarð-skorinn
in-doors; within, inside; within the house (adv) inni
infant (m) kǫgur-sveinn
infer; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
information, news (f) fregn
information; narration frásǫgn
information; speech, talk; tale, story; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
Ingibjorg (personal name); Ingibjörg Hróðgeirsdóttir ins hvita - Ingibjorg, daughter of Hrodgeir the White (f) Ingibjörg
Ingjald (personal name); Ingjaldr tryggvi - Ingjald the True (m) Ingjaldr
Ingolf Ingófr
Ingolf's Fell Ingólfsfell
Ingolf's Head Ingólfshǫfði
inhabit, occupy; settle (v) byggva
inhabit; dwell; settle; build; byggias firir - settle in (v) byggja (gð)
inhabitant or native of a country, countryman (m) lands-maðr
inhabitant, dweller; neighbor (m) búi
inhabited land (n) bö-land (‡)
inherit; throw a funeral feast; commemorate with a funeral feast (v) erfa (ð)
inheritance (m) arfr
inheritance (n) arf
inhuman (adj) ō-manlīcer (‡)
injure (v) lesta (t)
injure, hurt, damage; maim; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) meiða (dd)
injury (serious) (m) geigr
injury, misfortune; penalty, punishment, liability to penalty víti
injury, mutilation (n) meizl
injury, pain, harm, hurt; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) mein
injustice ófagnaðr
injustice, unfairness (m) ójafnaðr
inlay (runes); throw, cast; deal out; verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) verpa
inlay; dig; engrave; grafa niðr - bury; grafinn nið - rooted to the ground (v) grafa
inlet of the sea, sea; lake sær (sævar)
inlet, fjord, firth (m) fjǫrðr
inner, upper; latter; later; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) efri
innocent, guiltless saklauss
inquire, find out (v) forvitnask
inside, within; in-doors; within the house (adv) inni
insignificant men, men of little power (m pl) smá-menn
insignificant; undersized (adj) smá-skitligr
inspection; help, aid, protection; appearance, shape (f) ásjá
insult; hostility, contumely (n) nið
insult; humiliation (f) hrakning
intellect, thought, mind hyggiandi
intelligence, knowledge (n pl) vísindi
intelligence, sense, wit, wits, understanding (n) vit
intelligence; human intelligence, common sense (n) mannvit
intelligent, wise (adj) vitr (ran)
intelligently, carefully (adv) skynsam-liga
intend (to do), expect, look for, purpose, mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
intend, mean; think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
intend; want, wish, will, be willing; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) vilja
intense(ly); entranced, in a trance hugleikinn
intent (f) ætlan
interpret, explain, interpret as; signify; win over; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) þýða (dd)
intestines, small-guts (m pl) smá-þarmar
intimidate; terrorize; 'helm of terror'; bera œgishjálm yfir - intimidate, terrorize (m) œgis-hjálmr
intimidating, unfriendly (adj) óþýðr
into (motion toward), in; within (adv) inn
into (motion), onto; in, within; at (position); during (time); among; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í
into; within (prep) innan
invent; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; meet; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
invest; lay out; er bezt varit í Nóeg - which is of the greatest value to bring to Norway (v) verja (varði)
investigate, search, peer (v) nýsa (t)
invitation (friendly invitation) þióðlǫð
invitation; hospitality (f) lǫð
invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
Ireland (n) írland
Irish (adj) Írskr
iron wire (n) gres-járn
iron, weapon (n) jarn, járn
iron-smith (m) járnsmiðr
is ir (‡)
is; who, which, that; when; where; as; redundant (conj) er
island (f) ey
island (f) oy (‡)
island (n) eyland
island (n) eyna
island inhabitant (m) eyjarskeggi
island surface (m) eybarmr
Isleif Ísleifr
issue forth; jump, spring; burst; die from overexertion or grief (v) springa
it; - that (one) (pron) þat
Ithavale (place name) Iðavǫllr
its, his, her, their (pron) sinn
Ivar (personal name ) (m) Ívarr
ivory; bone (n) bein
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
jacket (sleeveless) (m) kǫssungr, kossungr
jaw (m) kjǫptr
jerk, pull; snatch, pick up; rend (v) kippa (ð, t)
jetsam; driftage, a thing drifted ashore, wreck (m) reki
jewel, [poetic] precious stone; stone, rock; cave or stone dwelling (m) steinn
jewel, treasure, necklace (n); jewels, treasures (n pl) men
join; meet; deal with; sem landit mœttisk ok flóðit gekk efst - where the land and high tide meet (v) mœta (tt)
joint; leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) liðr
Jormundgand, name of the Midgard Serpent, the world serpent (m) Jörmundgandr
journey south (to Rome) (f) suðr-ganga
journey to Greenland (f) Grœnlands-ferð
journey, journeying; expedition; movement; í fǫr - in company with; eiga skip í fǫrum - own a trading ship (f) för, fǫr
journey, way; road, path; manner, fashion (f) leið
journey; conduct, behavior; dealings (f) ferð
journey; road, way; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
joy, delight angan
joyful meeting (m) fagna-fundr
joyful, glad (adj) feginn
joyfully (most joyfully) (adv) megin-kátliga
judge (m) dómari
judge (v) dæma
judge; proclaim (v) dœma
judgment (whether favorable or unfavorable) (m) dómr
judgment or council seat rǫcstóll
judgment seat (m) dómstóll
judgment, doom (n pl) rök
judgment; reputation, fame; court; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) dómr
jump, spring; issue forth; burst; die from overexertion or grief (v) springa
just as much, equally great jafn-mikill
just awakened (adj) ný-vaknaðr
just how; how, however (adv) hversu
just man; man of moderation (m) Hófsmaðr
just off, near to; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; (thrown) down (adv) undan
just, fair, proper (adj) sannligr
just, fair; right, correct, straight; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) réttr
justice, equality (m) jafnaðr
Jutland (place name) (n) Jótland
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
keel (m) kjǫlr
keen, sharp; prickly (adj) hvass
keen, swift, bold; liberal, open-handed (adj) ǫrr (van)
keep away; defend, protect; hold a place against, keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) verja (varði)
keep house, have a household; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) búa
keep on in ignorance of; deceive oneself; vera dulinn - be unaware of; ganga duliðr - be mistaken; (v) dylja (dulði)
keep watch; guard, attend to, tend, watch over; take care of; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) gæta (tt)
keep, hold, possess; have; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
keep, preserve, watch, defend (v) varð-veita
keep; mind, care, care for, hide, conceal; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) hirða (ð)
keeper, guard (m) gætir
keeping; possession (f) hirzla
keeping; things in charge (f) varð-veizla
Keila, a giantess killed by Thor (f) Keila
Ketil (personal name) Ketill
key (m) lykill
kick; place the feet; spyrna í iljar - touch one another with the soles of the feet (two men lying on their backs) (v) spyrna (d)
kid, young goat (n) kið
kidney (n) nýra
Kili (personal name) Kíli
kill (v) bana (að)
kill, slay; fight; smite; lift; vegask - fight (v) vega
kill, slay; strike, smite; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) drepa
killer, executioner, slayer (m) banamaðr
killing by night (n) nátt-vig
killing, murder (n) dráp
kin, child; baby; offspring, progeny, family kind
kin, kindred, origin, kind (n) kyn
kind, custom, manner, type; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr
kind, kin, kindred, origin (n) kyn
kind, order (f) slækt (‡)
kindle, light (v) kveykva, kveikti
kindly (adv) linr
kindred, kin, origin, kind (n) kyn
king gramr
king (m) fylkir
king (m) konungr, kunung(h)r (‡)
King of the Danes (m) Dana-konungr
king of the English (Angles); king of England (m) Engla-konungr
King of the Irish (m) írakonungr
king of the Swedes (m) Svía-konungr
king, chief (m) hilmir
king, prince (m) buðlungr
king, prince (m) lofðungr
king; lord (m) þengill
king; prince (m) jǫfurr
king’s hall and court konungs-garðr
king’s man konung-maðr
kingdom (m) konungdómr
kingdom (n) konunge-dømæ (‡)
kingdom; realm; power, authority (n) ríki
kingly (adj) konunghs-leker (‡)
Kings' Lives, Life (Story) of the Kings Konunga-ævi
king's man; retainer (m) hirðmaðr
king's man; servant, retainer; farmhand (m) húskarl
king's men (f) verðung
king's throne or residence; stool, chair; bishop's see (m) stóll, stōll (‡)
kinship (f) frændsemi
kin-slaying (one) (m) mögfellandi
kinsman (m) náungi
kinsman through marriage, son, kinsman, scion (m) niðr
kinsman, friend, relative (m) frændi
kinsman, son, scion, kinsman through marriage (m) niðr
kirtle, coat (f) skyrta
kirtle, tunic (m) kyrtill
kiss (v) kyssa (t)
Kjallandi, giant killed by Thor (f) Kjallandi
Klifshagi (place name), Cliff Meadow (m) Klifshagi
knead (v) knoða (að)
knee (n) kné
knife (m) knífr
knife; short-sword (n) sax
knob (m) knappr
knob of tin (m) tin-knappr
knock (at the door); struggle; exert oneself; press, urge on, compel, force; knýjask - struggle on (v) knyja, knýja
knock (v) klappa
knock; kill, slay; strike, smite; drepa fœti - stumble (v) drepa
knoll, hill, hillock (m) hóll
knoll, hill, hillock (m) hváll
knot (m) knútr
knot; loop (f) lykkja
know of; see, gaze; perceive, understand; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) sjá
know, know how to; be able; feel (an emotion); blame a person for a thing; vera kann - it is possible; kunna sik - know oneself; kunna þǫkk - be grateful to; give thanks to; kunna illa - be greatly displeased or distressed by (v) kunna
know, recognize; notice, perceive; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) þekkja (ð)
know; be aware of; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up (v) vita
know; perceive; taste; feel; recognize; name, tell; teach; attribute; kenna at - recognize by; þar sem holta kendi - wherever there was woodland; hvar ru kendir - name, tell; teach (v) kenna (d)
knowing (v) vitandi
knowledge, ability  (f) kunnusta
knowledge, accomplishments (f) kunnandi
knowledge, intelligence (n pl) vísindi
knowledge, lore, magic (m) fróðleikr
knowledge; kunna skyn á - have knowledge of (f) skyn
knowledge; lore, history (f and n) frœði
known; better known (adj) kunnr
known; certain, wise; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) víss
known; wise; versed in magic; honum var kunnigt í - he had knowledge of (adj) kunnigr
knuckle (m) knúi
knuckle-bone (f) knúta
Knut (personal name); Knútr inn riki - King Canute the Great (m) Knútr
Krossavik, Cross Bay or Inlet, presumably an inlet where a cross was erected, a farmstead (f) Krossavík
Kveld-Ulf (personal name), Night Wolf (m) Kveld-Úlfr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l li m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
labor, hired help (n) forvirki
laborer (m) verk-maðr
lace, thong; leiðar þvengr - serpent, 'thong of the road' (m) þvengr
lack of means, poverty (n) efna-leysi
lack of moderation, pride (n) óhóf
lack, need þǫrf
lack; be lacking; be lacking to one; skortir - one is in want of; one is short of, one lacks (v) skorta
lacking; accustomed, wont; usual; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) vanr
lacking; er ávant - is wanted, needed; þykkir mér á - I think I lack (adj) ávant
ladle; pour; sprinkle; water; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) ausa
lady (f) snót
lady (m) svanni
lady of the house; housewife (f) húsfreyja
lady, mistress (f) frú
lady, wearer of necklace (f) menn-skurð (‡)
lair (n) ból
lair (of a fox), foxhole (n) gren
lake head; head (upper end) of lake (m) vatns-botn
lake; sea, inlet of the sea sær (sævar)
lake; water; waterway; river (n) vatn, watn (‡)
lame (adj) haltr
lance, spear (n) spjót
land of the giants (m pl) Jötunheimr
land quality (m) land-kostr
land tax, property tax (f) landskyld
land(s), fields (n pl) bjǫð
land, shore (f) fit
land; country; estate (n) land
land; earth, world; ground, soil (f) jörð, jǫrð
land; fields (n pl) biǫð, bjǫð
land-dues; a tax paid by Icelanders to the king upon arrival in Norway (m pl) landaurar
landed estate, farmhouse, farmstead; farm; town (m) bœr
landed; describes one who has received a grant of land from a king; lendr maðr - landholder, nobleman (adj) lendr
landing-stage; gangway; pier; bridge (f) bryggja
landloper; vagrant; unmarried man of no fixed abode (m) ein-hleypingr
landslide (f) skriða
lane (f) geil
lane between fences (f pl); treading (f) trǫð
language; dialect; speech, talk; tale, story; information; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
language; tongue; tongue of land at the meeting of two rivers (f) tunga
lantern, light; burning light (n) ljós
last (adv) síðastr
last time (adv) næstum
last, go on; go, walk; advance; take place; extend; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga
last; at ýtersto (‡) - finally ýtrster (‡)
late; síðar - later; síðast - latest, last (adv) síð
late; slow; tedious (adj) seinn
later (adv) síðar
later; latter; upper, inner; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) efri
latest (adv) síðast
latter; later; upper, inner; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) efri
laugh; smile (v) hlæja
laughable (adj) hlœgi-ligr
laugher (one who laughs) or smiles at one viðhlæjandi
laughter (m) hlátr
launch (boat); throw; shoot; hop; roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) skjóta
lava; boulder-strewn rocky ground (n) hraun
law (f pl) lægh (‡)
law capable (skilled in the law) log-kœnn
law of the land (n pl) lands-lǫg
law of the land, customary rights (m) landsréttr
law, laws; constitution lög, lǫg
law; right, lawful claim; cause, condition; treaty (m) réttr
lawful claim, right; cause, condition; law; treaty (m) réttr
lawful, legal (adj) lögligr
lawlessness (n) ólög
lawman (m) lag-maþær (‡)
lawman (m) lögmaðr
law-rock (where the law was recited) (n) lögberg, lǫgberg
law-speaker of the assembly lögsögumaðr, lǫgsǫgumaðr
lawsuits (n pl) mála-ferli
Laxardal (place name), Salmon Valley (m) Laxárdalr
lay (a ship) alongside (in a sea fight) (ship/sailing term) (v) sí-byrða (ð)
lay a spell on; consecrate, hallow (v) vígja (ð)
lay down, put down; place, lay, put; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
lay hands on (v) hdla
lay hands on; seize (v) hǫndla
lay out; invest; er bezt varit í Nóeg - which is of the greatest value to bring to Norway (v) verja (varði)
lay waste; waste; spend; do away with, destroy; make empty; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) eyða (dd)
lay, order, disposition; stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
lay, place, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
layer, position, stratum; stab, thrust; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
lead, go (of road); lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
lead; make tired of; become tired of (v) leiða (dd)
leader vini
leader of the host, lord (m) dróttinn
leader, captain, chieftain, (lit fore-man) (m) formaðr
leader, captain, commander (m) foringi
leader, chieftain (m) yfir-maðr
leader, notable or outstanding person, paragon (m) skǫrungr, skörungr
leader, overseer (m) forstjóri
leader, prince (m) fólkhagi
leader, prince (m) vísi
leader, ruler (m) skati
leader; chieftain; captain; chief, ruler (m) hǫfðingi
leader; patron; friend (m) vinr
leaf (n) laufsblað
leaf-green, verdant (adj) laufgrœnn
league; unit of distance between two resting stages (perhaps equivalent to the Old Scandinavian mile); usually between four and five English miles (f) röst
leak, drip, dribble (v) leka
leaning, sloping; hill-side; hallr í göngu - stooped, walking with a stoop (n) hallr
leap, run (v) stikla
leap, spring, burst; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva
leap, spring; run; climb; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) hlaupa
learn by heart; fasten; strengthen; bite, take effect on; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) festa (t)
learn; hear of; ask; be informed; fregna æftir - learn by inquiry; fr'ak (fr'a ek) - I heard (v) fregna
learned (in magic) (adj) margkunnigr
learned, wise; quiet (adj) spakr
least (adj) minstr
least; last (adv) sízt
leather bag (f) leðr-hosa
leather hammock (n) huð-fat
leather neck ledrhals
leather strap (f) ál
leave off, break off, give up; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint; bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða
leave to depart (n) fararleyfi
leave, leave as heritage, leave after death; leave behind, abandon, relinquish; leifðu at sik - left in themselves, lost in death (v) leifa (ð)
leave, leave off; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
leave, permission (n) leyfi
led easily, compliant; genial (adj) leiðitamr
leek; (general) plant laukr
left (adj) vinstri
left-handed (adj) ǫrvendr
leg, foot and leg; foot (m) fótr
leg; bone (hollow bone of arms and legs); leggr ok liðr - every limb (m) leggr
legal procedure (m) lǫgmál
legal, lawful (adj) lögligr
legend, what is said, saga; story; history; saga til - a story about (f) saga
legislature at the Althing (f) lögretta
Leid, a giant killed by Thor (m) Leiði
Lejre in modern Denmark; royal seat of king Hrolf Kraki Hleiðra
lend; give (v) ljá (léði)
length (a long way); for a long time (adv) langt
length (f) lengð
length (of equal length) jafn-langr
lengthen, prolong (v) lengja (ð)
less færa
less (adj) minni
less (adv) síðr
less arduous (adj) starfa-minna
less sore, less painful (adj) ó-sárari
less vexatious (adj) skapraunar-minna
lessen, be diminished (v) minka
lesser outlaw (m) fjǫrbaugs-maðr
lesser outlawry (m) fjǫrbaugs-garðr
lest; if; whether; (to see) if (conj) ef
let something fly; shoot; hurl (v) fleygja (gð)
let, allow, permit; put, place, set; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
letter (n) bréf
level, smooth (adj) sléttr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l li m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
liability (f) ábyrgð
liability to penalty, penalty, punishment; injury, misfortune víti
liberal, open-handed; swift, bold, keen (adj) ǫrr (van)
liberality, hospitality (f) risna
license to export meal (n) mjölleyfi
lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lodge, sleep; lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
lie, falsehood (f) lygi
lie, rest, sleep (v) hvíla (ð, d)
lie, tell a lie; fail; false (v) ljúga
lie; welter (v) þrumði
life (m pl) lífdagar
life (n) fjǫr
life together; vildi ekki samræði við Eirik - would not live with Eirik (n) sam-ræði
life; age, time; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) ævi
life; breath; spirit, soul (f) ǫnd, önd
life; lífs - alive; á lífi - alive; lífit á leggja - lay down one's life (n) líf
life-morsel, heart (m) fjörsegi
life-story; life; age, time; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) ævi
lifetime; age; old age; long period of time; vera við aldr - be well on in years (m) aldr
lift (v) lypta (t)
lift, raise (v) yppa (pð)
lift, raise, heave; begin; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) hefja
lift; kill, slay; fight; smite; vegask - fight (v) vega
lift; stop, cease; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) létta
light chestnut (adj) ljós-jarpr
Light Elves (m pl) Ljósálfar
light, kindle (v) kveykva, kveikti
light, lantern; burning light (n) ljós
light; clear; bright; light colored; fair; it ljóstasta - most clearly (adj) ljóss
like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) líkr, glíkr
likelihood; trace (n pl) líkindi
likely glíkligr
likely to wound (adj) skeinuhættr
likely, probable (adj) líkligr
likely; like, resembling; probable; promising; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) líkr, glíkr
likewise samu-laiþ (‡)
limbs, branches (f pl) limar
lime-tree; shield (f) lind
Linakradale (place name), Valley of Linen Fields (m) Línakradalr
lineage; descendants (f) kyn-kvísl
linen garment, linen; flax; bride's veil (n) lín
linen, flax, bow-string (m) hörr, hǫrr
linen, linen garment; flax; bride's veil (n) lín
linen; clothes (n) lérept
lintel, upper cross-piece of doorway (n) upp-dyri
lion lēnu (‡), lēonu (‡)
lip; beard; beak; bregða grǫnum - draw back the lips (smile) (f) grǫn
list, reckoning, enumeration; talk, parley, conversation; consultation (n) tal
listen to, hear; (impers.) be allowable; succeed; hlýðir - one endures (v) hlýða (dd)
lit (personal name), Wise Litr
look about (litask um) (v) litask (að)
litigation, quarrel (f) deild
little (adv) lítit
little, short; lítill fyrir sér - weak, of no account; lítla hrið - for a little while; lítlu - a little; lítlu siðar(r) - a little later (adj) lítill
little, small (adj) smár
little; few; a small number; cold, reserved; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) fár
little; lítt til - little of; (adv) lítt
live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; prepare, make ready; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) búa
live (v) lifa (ð)
live at; dwell, stay, abide enjoy, be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) una
livestock; home, house, household; farming, farm, dwelling; estate (n)
living beings or creatures; men, people; humankind (m pl) firar
living creature (n) kvikvendi
living happily, having a happy life sællifðr
living, alive, animate (adj) kykr
load (a horse) with pack-saddles (v) klyfja (að)
load, burden (f) byrðr
load; ferma með - load with (v) ferma
load; pile (v) hlaða
loathesome; fearsome; powerful (tremendously or overwhelmingly) ámáttugr
loathsome, terrible ámáttr
lock of hair (m) leppr
lock, shut up (v) læsa
locking bed-closet (f) lokhvila
locking bed-closet (f) lok-rekkja
lodge, sleep; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
lodge; pass the night (v) gista (t)
lodging (night-lodgings) (f) gisting
lodging for the night (n) nátt-staðr
lodging for the winter (f) vetr-vist
lodgings, quarters (n) herbergi
Lofar (personal name) Lofarr
lofty, high, tall; loud (adj) hár
log (f) lág
log, beam; tree; wood (n) tré
log, plank, piece of wood; wooden beam; base of an anvil (m) stokkr
Loki, the trickster god (m) Loki
long (of distance and time) (adj) langr
long ago, of yore; early, in the early morning (n) ár
long fires (down the middle of the hall) (m pl) langeldar
long time, constantly (adv) löngum
long, far-off, constantly (adv) löngu
long, hanging, overhanging (adj) síðr
long; far; a long time; for a long time; lengr - longer; lengst - longest; sem lengst - as long (or far) as he could (adv) lengi
long-chinned (adj) haklangr
longer (distance); farther (adv) lengra
longer (time), for a longer time (adv) lengr
longest, for the longest time (adv) lengst
long-lived (adj) langlífr
long-necked (nickname) (m) langháls
Loni (personal name), Sea-pool Lóni
look for, expect, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
look, gaze (f) sjón
look, glance; ilt til-lit - look expressing dislike (n) til-lit
look, spy skoða (að)
look; see, gaze; know of; perceive, understand; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) sjá
look; see; seem; regard; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) líta
looking out, spying, scouting; news (f) njósn
looks, appearance; color(ing); complexion (m) litr
loop or button-hole (f) nezla
loop; knot (f) lykkja
loose; free; unimpeded; free of obligation; unsteady; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) lauss
loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
lord (m) herra
lord, leader of the host (m) dróttinn
lord; king (m) þengill
lords, superiors (m pl) iwir-mænn (‡)
lore, history; knowledge (f and n) frœði
lore, knowledge, magic (m) fróðleikr
lose (v) mistæ (t) (‡)
lose; perish, be lost; forget; mistake (v) týna (d)
lose; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
loss of life, death (n) fjǫrlag
loss of life, death (n) líflát
loss of life; slaughter (n) mann-fall
loss, harm, damage; death (m) skaði
loss; gjalda afroð - suffer loss (n) afroð
lost at sea (lit 'sea trouble') haf víl
lot; fate; part; mestr hluti - most of (m) hluti
Lothur (personal name) Lóðurr
loud; high, tall, lofty (adj) hár
loudly; aloud; hafa hátt - make an outcry (adv) hátt
louse (f) lús
love (physical) munuð
love, affection (f) ást
love, affection (f pl) ástir
love, affection (f) elska
love, be fond of; elskask - love one another; elskask at - grow fond of (v) elska (að)
love; grant, allow; not to grudge (v) unna
loving, benevolent (adj) ástugr
low ground, low place (f) lægð
low place, low ground (f) lægð
low, small (adj) lágr
lower (adj) neðar
lower (adj) neðri
lower; (impers.) sink (v) lægja (ð)
loyal (adj) hollr
loyal, faithful (adj) trō-lekær (‡)
loyalty, allegiance, favor; grace (f) hylli
luck (f) hamingja
luck (good luck); good omen (n and f) heill
luck; advancement, benefit, profit; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) frami
luck; bera gæfu til við - have good fortune in dealings with one (f) gæfa
luckless; vereðr slys-gjarnt - one has bad luck (adj) slys-gjarnt
lucklessness (n) gæfuleysi
lucky man (m) gæfumaðr
lucky man (m) giptumaðr
lucky; fortunate (adj) heppinn
lung (m) lunga
lustful, eager for men, mad after men (adj) ver-gjǫrn, ver-gjarn
Lutr, a giant killed by Thor (m) Lútr
lying, falsehood; falseness (f) lausang
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m mi n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
mad after men, eager for men, lustful (adj) ver-gjǫrn, ver-gjarn
mad with fear, raving, frenzied, raging; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) ódr
mad, frantic (adj) œrr
mad, out of one's senses (adj) ør-viti
made of; out of, from; of; from inside of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) ór
made, built; done; ready; sent; done for, finished off (adj) gǫrr (van)
magic, black art, sorcery (f) fjölkyngi
magic, knowledge, lore (m) fróðleikr
magnanimity; generosity (f) stórmenska
magnificent (adj) viðuligr
magnificent, fine (adj) reisiligr
magnificent, grand (adj) stór-mannligr
magnificent, honorable (adj) virðu-ligr
magnificent, powerful, great; mighty (adj) ríkr
magnificent, proud (adj) stolther (‡)
magnificent; honorable (adj) frægiligr
maid, maiden, girl, virgin (f) mær
maiden, maid, girl, virgin (f) mær
maidenhood, virginity (m) meydómr
maidservant, handmaid; bondwoman (f) ambátt
mail (coat of); chain-mail shirt (f) brynja
mail coat of rings (f) hringa-brynja
mailcoat; cloth, stuff (n) skrúð
mailed, all clad in mail, in a byrnie, armored albryniaðr
mail-less, without mail, unarmored, unprotected (adj) brynjulauss
maim (v) meiða
maim; break; strike; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) lemja
maim; injure, hurt, damage; meiðask - become injured, hurt, damaged (v) meiða (dd)
main hall, hall, sleeping-hall; shed (m) skáli
main road, route normally followed (m) almannavegr
mainland (n) megin-land
make a compromise; share, hand out; distribute; mediate; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) miðla
make difficulty, hinder; bind, fetter; hold back, restrain (v) hepta
make empty; waste; spend; do away with, destroy; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) eyða (dd)
make equal (in comparisons), cut even, equate; smooth, even out, tidy, trim; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) jafna (að)
make flow, shed (v) út-giúta
make flow, shed (v) ūt-glūta (‡)
make great; gain fame, (mid.) acquire fame (v) mikla (að)
make over, commend; hide, conceal (v) fela
make peace among; reconcile; sættask at því - settle on such terms, agree; sættask - come to terms, settle, agree, be reconciled; sættask á - agree to (v) sætta (tt)
make ready, prepare; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) búa
make red, redden (v) rjóða
make run, roll; renna augum - direct the eyes, look; atgeirinn rendi í gegnum skjǫldinn - the spear was run through the shield (v) renna (d)
make run; gallop; break up (the court) (v) hleypa
make silent, deprive one of speech (v) fyr(ir)nema
make spring apart, split; spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout (v) spretta
make tired of; become tired of; lead (v) leiða (dd)
make trial of; try; test; put to the test (v) freista (st)
make war; raid, harry; plunder (v) herja (að)
make, build, compose; do, perform; act; finish (v) gera (ð)
make, build, forge (v) smíða (að)
make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
make, create; pronounce, impose, decree (v) skepia (skóp, skapða)
make, perform; support, aid; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) efla
make, shape, form, create; determine; applause; skera ok skapa - fix the terms (v) skapa (að)
make; do, act; gera sé mikit um - make much of or admire; gerask - become, come to pass, occur, happen (v) gera
make; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
make; set; seat; place, put; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
malice, mischief (n) fár
man (a good man); freeman; subject; servant (m) þegn
man (average man); meðal á vǫxt - middle-sized man (m) meðal-maðr
man (m) karlmaðr
man (outstanding or exceptional man) (m) afreksmaðr
man from Vík (m) Víkrmaðr
man of accomplishments (m) atgervi
man of accomplishments (m) atgørvimaðr
man of battle, warrior (m) orrostumaðr
man of moderation; just man (m) Hófsmaðr
man of power, great man, prominent man, wealthy man (m) ríkismaðr
man of the household (m) heima-maðr
man who is pushing, contentious (m) uppivǫzlu-maðr
man, hero (m) halr
man, hero (m) hǫlðr, hǫldr
man, human (m) gumi
man, husband (m) verr
man, occupy; arrange, array; equip; provide; set, place; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
man, warrior (m) rekkr
man; old man; common man; churl; Þorsteinn karl - old Thorstein, old man Thorstein - (m) karl
man; person; human being; husband; henchman (m) maðr, man, maþær
man; warrior; boy; hero (m) seggr
manage; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
management, administration; til forrað - for rulership forrað
mane (f) mön, mǫn
manfully (adv) drengiliga
mankind, humanity, world; age; time; [poetic] man (f); human beings, men (f pl) ǫld, öld
mankind; people (n) mann-fólk
manly, bold; magnificent; of distinguished appearance (adj) skǫru-ligr
manner, custom, kind, type; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr
manner, fashion; road, path; way, journey (f) leið
manner, mode; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
manner, towards, meeting; þar í móti - opposing him; í móti ar fara út - against going out (n) mót
manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund
manslaughter (m) mann-skaði
manslaughter; murder (n) mann-dráp
manslaughters (n pl) víga-ferli
many (adj) mang (‡), mangher (‡)
many (adj); many a (with sing); many (with pl) margr
many, multitude (n) margmenni
maple (m) mǫsurr
Mar (personal name), Corpse Már
march; shake, tremble, quake, move, be moved (v) bifask (ð, að)
mare (f) merr
mare; horse (n) hross
mare; stud-horse (n) stóð-hross
mark (of silver unless gold is specified); forest (f) mǫrk
mark of a hammer's blow (n) hamar-spor
mark with the sign of the cross (v) signa
mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
marked, having a white mark on the forehead blesóttr
market (f) kaupstefna
market town (m) kaup-staðr
marriage arrangement; fá gjaf-orð - make a match (n) gjaf-orð
marriage; choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress; var hon mjǫk gefin til fjár - she was married to him mainly for his money (m) kostr
marriage, relationship (f) samför
married kvángaðr
marrow (m) mergr
marrow of animals (m) dýra-mergr
marry (v) kvángask
marry; get, take, procure; grasp; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
marshal (m) stallari
martyrdom (n) martirium
marvel at, be amazed at; wonder at, be astonished (at) (v) undrask (að)
marvel, wondrous thing (n) undr
mask; shadow of night (f) gríma
mass, feast-day messa
mast (ship/sailing term) siglutré
mast (ship/sailing term) (f) sigla
material; state, condition; reason (n) efni
matured early in life, precocious (adj) bráðgörr
me (to me) mér, mir
mead; óðins mjoðr- poetry, 'Odin's milk' (m) mjöðr
meadow, field (m) hagi
meadow, pasture land (f) eng
meal, flour; Fróða mjǫl - gold (n) mjöl, mjǫl
meal; food (m) matr
meal-bag (m) mjolbelgr
meal-bag (n) mjǫl-beigr
meal-time, time; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; case; cause (n) mál
mean fellow; one of little manhood (n) litilmenni
mean, bode; suited for, be suitable for (v) gegna (d)
mean, expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
mean, intend; think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
mean, signify (v) tákna
mean, signify; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
mean-looking, ugly, ill-favored (adj) vesal-ligr
meanness (m) ó-drengskapr
means of existence, way (of going on); resort, refuge vera
means of subsistence (f) bjǫrg
means; state, condition, affairs, character; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr
measure (the right measure) (f) mjǫt
measure (unit of value, typically of woolen cloth); Old Icelandic ell (about half a yard) alin
measure of meal (n) mjǫl-sáld
measure; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
Measure-tree: well-proportioned tree; tree which measures extent or limits of the world, tree which metes out fate miǫtviðr
measuring twenty (stanzas) tví-tugr
meat, flesh (f) slátr
meddle with (v) glettask
mediate; share, hand out; distribute; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) miðla
medicine (m) lægæ_dōm (‡)
meet (them), in exchange (adv) móti, mōte (‡)
meet; deal with; join; sem landit mœttisk ok flóðit gekk efst - where the land and high tide meet (v) mœta (tt)
meet; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; visit; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
meeting (n) manna-mót
meeting of kings (f) konunga-stefna
meeting, manner, towards; þar í móti - opposing him; í móti ar fara út - against going out (n) mót
meeting; direction, course; appointment; summons (f) stefna
membrane (f) hinna
memorial cup, toast (usually in honor of the dead) (n) minni
memorial of honor (n) hæiðrs-minni (‡)
memory loss (non-memory), forgetfulness, oblivion óminni
men (body of men); short lay (m) flokkr
men (m pl) gotar
men (m pl) virðar, verar
men (m pl); people (m) lýðr
men of Kaldbek (m pl) Kaldbeklingar
men of little power, insignificant men (m pl) smá-menn
men of rank, big men (n) stór-menni
men, folk, people; troop, host of warriors; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) fólk, folk
men, people (m pl) fyrðar
men, people; living beings or creatures; humankind (m pl) firar
mental faculties, voice óðr
mention, speak of; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
mention; name, call; næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) nefna (d), næmnæ (‡)
merchandise, goods (m) varnaðr
merchant vessel; ship (cargo ship) (m) knörr (knarrar)
merchant, seaman, seafarer, sailor, trader (m) farmaðr
merchant, trader (m) kaupmaðr
merciful (adj) líknsamr
merciful (adj) miskunn-samr
merciful, generous (adj) mildr
mercy, forbearance (f) vægð
mercy, grace (f) miskunn
merit; provocation (f) til-gørð
meritoriously, worthily (adv) hēdher-līca (‡)
merriment, gladness (f) gleði
merry noise (m) glaumr
merry with ale; in good spirits ǫl-teitr
merry, cheerful (adj) kátr
merry, cheerful; frolicsome (adj) teitr
merry, glad, cheerful (adj) glaðr
message (f) orð-sending
message; mission, errand; the result of one's mission ørendi, ørindi
message; word; speech; conversation; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) orð
messenger (m) sendi-buþi (‡)
messenger (m) sendi-maðr
metal (m) málmr, malmr
meters or verse forms (list of either) (n) háttatal
mew; gull, seagull (m) már, mór
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m mi n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
midday (the time before or after the midday meal) undorn
midday, noon, high day, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning at noon (n) hádegi
middle miþal (‡)
middle evening, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 p.m. (m) miðr-aptan
middle, the middle of (adj) miðr
Midfjord (place name) (m) Miðfjörðr
Midgard Serpent, the serpent Jörmungandr that encircles the earth (m) Miðgarðsormr
Midgard, Middle-Enclosure, Middle Earth; the world of men (m) Miðgarðr
midnight, also a roughly three-hour portion of the day beginning at midnight (f) miðnótt
midsummer (n) mið-sumar
midway between, equally near jafn-nær
might, physical strength, power; strength; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) afl
might, power, ability; strength; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) megin
might, strength (f) orka
might; ability (m) máttr
might; will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; would, must (probability) (v) munu
mighty (adj) máttugr
mighty sage fimbulþulr
mighty, powerful; strong; rammr at afli - extremely strong (adj) rammr
mighty, strong (adj) þróttigr
mighty; powerful, great, magnificent (adj) ríkr
Miklagard, 'mighty stronghold', Constantinople (m) Miklagarðr, Mikligarðr
milch cows, dairy cattle (f) mál-nyta
mild: reasonable (adj) gæfr
milk (v) mjólka (að)
milking pen (for cows) (m) stöðull
mill (f) mylla
Mimir, one of the Æsir, renowned for his knowledge and wisdom (m) Mimir
Mimisbrunn, the Well of Mimir (m) Mimisbrunnr
mind, care, care for, hide, conceal; keep; keep in a box or chest; hirðumat fælask - let us not be frightened (v) hirða (ð)
mind, heart; difference; fyrir engan mun - for no consideration (m) munr
mind, heed; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; signify, mean; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
mind, 'ship of the mind' (m) mun-knǫrr
mind, temper; manner; mood; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund
mind, thought, intellect hyggiandi
mind; mood; thought; heart; desire; spirit; temper; courage; koma í hug - occur to one; hafa í hug - intend; heart,spirit; í hugum góðum - glad at heart; courage; hugar eigandi - courageous; desire; í hug - to one's mind; leggja allan hug á - set one's whole heart on (m) hugr
mind-enclosure; muntún hugar - breast (n) mun-tún
mine, my, of me (pron) minn
minor rogation day (day of prayer and fasting in Western Christianity) (m) gagn-dagr
minstrel, buffoon, fool (m) lēkare (‡), lækari (‡)
Minthak's Shoal Minþakseyrr
minutely, exactly inniliga
mire, mud (f) efja
mischief, malice (n) fár
miser (nickname), stick-gazer (m) stikubligr
miserable, pathetic, wretched; (exclamation of impatience) (adj) vesall
misfortune ógæfa
misfortune (n) ó-happ
misfortune, contriver of mischief (m) bölvasmiðr
misfortune, grief, sorrow (n) bǫl, böl
misfortune, harm, destruction, bane; sviga læ - fire, 'bane of switches'; gráðar læ - food, 'hunger's bane' (n)
misfortune, injury; penalty, punishment, liability to penalty víti
miss; feel the loss of (v) sakna
missile exchange (exchange of missiles) (n) vápna-skipti
missile shower (shower of missiles) (m) vápn-burðr
missiles; shooting, shot (n) skot
mission, errand (f) sendi-ferð
mission, errand, result of errand (n) erendi
mission, errand; message; the result of one's mission ørendi, ørindi
mist from the south (f) sunnan-þoka
mistake; perish, be lost; lose; forget (v) týna (d)
mistress, concubine (f) frilla
mistress, lady (f) frú
mix, blend (v) blanda (blett, -að)
Mjollnir, hammer of Thor (m) Mjöllnir
Mjothvitnir, Mead-wolf Miǫðvitnir
moan, groan (m) stynr
moan, groan (v) stynja, stundi
moaning sytnr
mode, manner; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
Mœrr, region in West Norway (f) Mœrr
mold, dirt, earth (as substance); soil (f) mold
moment (f) svipstund
moment (of time) (n) bil
monarch, sole ruler, sovereign (m) einvaldi
money (ounce of silver or gold); eighth part of a mǫrk; (from Latin aureum, aura) (m) eyrir
money, coin; penny; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; 1/10 eyrir; piece of property, article; penningar miklir - a good sum of money (m) penningr
money; cattle; sheep; wealth, possessions; var hon mjǫk gefin til fjár - she was married to him mainly for his money (n)
money; shilling, i.e., piece of money (m pl) skillingr
money; valuables (m pl) fémunir
monk (Irish monk), pope, priest; Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived (m) papi
monk (m) munkr
monster (m) hveðrungr
monster (m) óvættr
monster (n) forað
monstrous kindred (m pl) fífl-megir
monstrous winter (m) fimbul-vetr
month (m) mánaðr, mánuðr
mood, disposition (n) skap-lyndi
mood, state, condition, temper; character; hafa skap til - be disposed to; honum var þetta mjǫk móti skapi - he took this greatly to heart; lítill í skapi - mean-sirited; vera í skapi - be on one's mind; be one's desire; gøra til skaps - do a thing to please one (n) skap
mood; manner; mind, temper; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund
moon (m) máni
moon (n) tungl
moon (waning moon) nið
moonlight (n) tungl-skin
moor, bog, swamp; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) myrr, mýrr
moor, heath (on high ground) (f) heiðr
moorland, moss (m) mosi
more broadly (adv) breiðara
more eastern eystri
more fully (adv) gørr
more greatly, more (adv) meir(r)
more keenly (adv) hvassara
more likely; probable; vænstr - most likely venna
more wisely (adj) spakara
more, bigger (adj) meiri
more, further (adv) fremr
more, more greatly (adv) meir(r)
more; better (adv) betr
more; further, other fleiri
moreover; still; also; yet; further; again; even (adv) enn
morning; following day; á morginn - tomorrow (m) morgin(n), morgun(n)
mortal wound, fatal wound, death (n) banasár
Morth (personal name) Mǫrðr
mortify (v) pína
moss, moorland (m) mosi
most (adj) flestr
most willingly; most of all; exceedingly (adv) helzt
most, greatest (adj) mestr
mostly (adv) mest
mother (f) móðir
mother’s side (of descent) (f) mødherne (‡)
Motsognir, "battle roarer", father of the Dwarfs who resides in Nidavellir Mótsognir
mount; leap, spring; run; climb; fall down on; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) hlaupa
mountain top fjalltindr
mountain, fell (n) fjall
mountain, fell (n) fjall
mountain, hill (n) fell
mountain; rock, stone, boulder; cliff; crag (n) bjarg
mountainous fjǫllóttr
mountain-side, hill-side; side; slope (f) hlið
mounted with a double ring tví-hólkaðr
mouse (f) mús
mouth (m) muðr
mouth (m) munnr
mouth (of an animal) (n) gin
mouth of a river (m) ár-óss
mouthful, draft (m) sopi
movable property, as opposed to lands or even to land and cattle (n) lausafé
move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); turn, alter, change; break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða
move slowly, glide; sink gently down; yield (v) síga
move to and fro; play, sport; be current; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) leika
move, affect; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
move, bring; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
move, go, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) fara
move, go; pass (usually of time), progress; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) líða
move, shake, tremble, quake, be moved; march (v) bifask (ð, að)
move, stir (v) bragða (að)
move, stir (v) hreyfa
move, stir (v) hrœra (ð)
move, turn; víkjask við - respond; take action; þat víksk eigi - that is certain; nú víkr sögunni - now the saga shifts (v) víkja
movement; hafa alt eitt atrið - do two things in one swift movement, all at once (n) atrið
movement; journey, journeying; expedition; í fǫr - in company with; eiga skip í fǫrum - own a trading ship (f) för, fǫr
much (adv) miklu
much; very (adv) mjök, mjǫk
mud (m) aurr
mud (white mud) (?) hvíta-aurr
mud, filth (m) saurr
mud, mire (f) efja
mud-flat (f) leira
mud-spattered (adj) leir-stokkinn
multiply (v) fjǫlgask (að)
multiply, cause increase (v) œxla
multitude, abundance (m) fjǫlði
multitude, host (n) mengi
multitude, many (n) margmenni
multitude, plenty of; great number, store (f) fjölð
Munarvag (personal name) Munarvágr
murder (n) mórðvíg
murder, killing (n) dráp
murder; manslaughter (n) mann-dráp
muscle (m) vöðvi
Muspellsheim, the Land of Fire (m) Múspellsheimr
must (probability), would; will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; might (v) munu
must, owe, be obligated, have to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) eiga
must, shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); should; ought (v) skulu
mutilation, injury (n) meizl
my, mine, of me (pron) minn
mysteries, charms (f pl); rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing (f) rún
mystery, sacrament; notable thing; great wonders (n pl) stórmerki
mystery, secret; rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret wisdom, secret writing (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) rún
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
nail (m) nagl
naked or unprotected, exposed equally (adj) jafn-berr
naked, bare; unsheathed (of a sword) (adj) berr
naked, ill-clad; setja nøkðan - erase (adj) nøkkviðr, nøktan
Nali (personal name) Náli
name (n) nafn
name (n) namn (‡)
name of a sword (m) Refill
name, call, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named; pray to (v) heita
name, call; mention; næmnæ í gēn (‡) - give formal welcome to, give one's name (v) nefna (d), næmnæ (‡)
name; say, declare; call, cry out (v) kalla
narration; information frásǫgn
nasal of a helmet, nose-piece (of armor) (f) nef-bjorg
nasty, dirty (adj) óþokku-ligr
nation, people; race (f) þjóð
native (m) in-lændær (‡)
native or inhabitant of a country, countryman (m) lands-maðr
natural (adj) nātūr-līker (‡)
natural ability; nature, characteristic quality, property (f); spirits (f pl) náttúra
nature, characteristic quality, property; natural ability (f); spirits (f pl) náttúra
nature, characteristic(s) eðli
nature; manner; mind, temper; mood; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund
naval forces; ship leiðangr
nay heldr
near to, just off; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; (thrown) down (adv) undan
near, by (prep) hōs (‡)
near, by; with; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) hjá
near, close; mun nálægt verða - it will be a near thing (adj) ná-lægr
near, nearer, nearly, close to, close by, closely; when; næst - nearer, next; því næst - thereupon, next; þessu næst - after this; þat er nú þessu næst at - the next event to be told is that (adv) nær
near; nearly related (adj) naínn
nearby (adv) í nánd
nearby; nearly, almost (adv) ná-liga
nearly related ná-skyldr
nearly related; near (adj) naínn
nearly, almost; nearby (adv) ná-liga
nearly; því var næsta - very nearly so (adv) næsta
neatly, adeptly, skillfully (adv) hagliga
necessary (be necessary); heavy; difficult; þungt ganga - go badly; er þungt í skapi - one is heavy-hearted (adj) þungr
necessary; useful (adj) þarfr
necessity, need (f) nauð-syn
neck (m) háls
necklace, treasure, jewel (n); jewels, treasures (n pl) men
need, difficulty, distress; harm; poverty; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) nauð(r)
need, lack þǫrf
need, necessity (f) nauð-syn
need; (impers.) be necessary; have need of; require; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is neceessary (v) þurfa, thorfua (‡)
needle (f) nál
needy (in need) (adj) þurftugr
needy, wretched; poor (adj) válaðr
negative prefix ú-
neglect afrœkjask (kt)
neglect, fail to heed (v) órœkja (kt)
neigh (v) hneggja
neigh(ing) (n) gnegg=hnegg
neigh; hrina við - neigh to a horse (v) hrína
neighbor (m) nábúi
neighbor; dweller, inhabitant (m) búi
neither (of two) (adj pron); hvárki…né - neither…nor (conj) hvárgi
ness, headland (n) nes
never aldregi
never aldri
never; not at all æva
nevertheless (adv) en þó
nevertheless, however; yet, and yet; þo at, þótt - though, even if (adv) þó
new (f) nyr, nýr
new moon (n)
newly arrived (adj) ný-kominn
newly driven (adj) ný-rekinn
news (f) frétt
news, information (f) fregn
news, tidings; events; verða tíðendi, vera (or bera) til tíðinda - come to pass, happen (n pl) tíðendi, tíðindi
news; spying, scouting, looking out (f) njósn
news; strange thing (f) ný-lunda
next; it næsta sumar áðr - the summer before; it næsta sumar eptir - the following summer (adj) næstr
nickname (n) kenningarnafn
Nidhogg, (Malice Striker), the dragon/serpent the serpent which dwells in the spring Hvergelmir and gnaws at a root of the world tree, Yggdrasill (m) Niðhöggr, Níðhǫggr
Niflheim, the Underworld (m) Niflheimr
Niflhel, Dark Hel, place for some dead (f) Niflhel
night (last part of the night before dawn); dawn (f) elding
night, the nighttime part of the day nátt
night; í nótt - tonight (f) nótt
nightfall, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 9 p.m. nátt-mál
nighttime, last part of the night before dawn, about 3 a.m. (f) ótta
nine (num) nío
nine (num); níundi - ninth (ord num) níu
nineteen (num); nitjándi - nineteenth (ord num) nitján
Nithi (personal name), Waned-moon Niði
Njord, god of the sea, one of the Vanir (m) Njörðr
no (adv) nei
no man; no one, nobody (pron) manngi
no one, no, none; at engu því - with no such things (pron) engi
no one, nobody; no man (pron) manngi
no one; not a whit, nothing vætki
no, none, no one; at engu því - with no such things (pron) engi
no, none; in negative sentence - any (adj) neinn
Noah (personal name) Nói
nobility, courage (m) drengskapr
noble, distingished, worshipful (adj) göfugr
noble, famous, glorious (adj) mærr
noblest, highest (adj) œztr
nobody, no one; no man (pron) manngi
noise (thunderous noise) (f) duna
noise bearing, gestures, manner; voice; (n pl) læti
noisy, self-assertive (adj) hávaðamikill
none, no, no one; at engu því - with no such things (pron) engi
none, no; in negative sentence - any (adj) neinn
nonetheless eigi at síðr
noon, midday, high day, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning at noon (n) hádegi
noose; [poetic] giantess (f) mella
nor; not; hvárki…né - neither…nor; né…né - not…nor (conj)
Nori (personal name) Nóri
Norn, one of the three Norns; weird, (dire) fate; undoing, ruin (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) urðr
Norse tongue (f) Norrœna
North Norðri
north (the north) (f) norðr-ætt
north way; Norway Norvegr
north-east wind (m) land-nyrðingr
northern, from the north norþæn
northern; í norðan-verðum dalnum - in the northern part of the valley (adj) norðan-verðr
Northumbria (place name) Norðymbraland
northwards (adv) norðr
Norway; north way Norvegr
Norwegian Norðmaðr
north-east land-norðr
north-west út-norðr
nose (n) nef
nose (n) nef
nose-piece (of armor), helmet nasal (f) nef-bjorg
nostril (f) nǫs
not a
not at
not ki
not (adv) eigi
not (adv) ey=eigi
not a whit, nothing; no one vætki
not at all (adv); nothing (n) vætr
not at all; never æva
not at all; nowhere; nowhere on (adv) hvergi
not drunk (adj) ó-drukkinn
not far (place), short distance or time (adv) skammt, skamt
not knowing; hänom óvitande - without his knowledge óvitande
not meddlesome; reserved (adj) fáskiptinn
not, by no means (adv) ekki
not; nor; hvárki…né - neither…nor; né…né - not…nor (conj)
notable thing; mystery, sacrament; great wonders (n pl) stórmerki
nothing (n pron) ekki
nothing (n); not at all (adv) vætr
nothing, not a whit; no one vætki
notice, find, discover; compose; devise; visit; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
notice, perceive; know, recognize; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) þekkja (ð)
now (adv)
nowhere on; nowhere; not at all (adv) hvergi
nowhere; not at all; nowhere on (adv) hvergi
number (a small number); few; little; cold, reserved; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) fár
number, enumerate; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; (v) telja (talða)
numerous, crowded, in a large group; with many people, well-attended (adj) fjǫlmennr, fjölmennr
nurse; give birth to; feed; rear, bring up; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) fœða (dd)
nuthatch (f) igða
Nyi (personal name), New-moon Nýi
Nyrath (personal name), New-counsel Nýráðr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o op p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
oak; tree; ship (f) eik
oar handle (ship/sailing term) hlunnr, hlummr
oar-hole habora
oarsman (m); crew (m pl) háseti
oar-thong; láta síga á hǫmlu - back oars, back out of the line of battle (f) (ship/sailing term) hamla
oath (m) eiðr
oath (m) svardagi
oaths (n pl) sœri
obedience; assistance (f) hlýðni
object (made object); dverga smiði - sword; í smiði - under construction (n) smíði
obligation; habit, custom; leggja í vanða sin - make a habit of (m) vandi
oblivion, forgetfulness, non-memory óminni
observe; think, believe; give heed to; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
obstinacy; persistence (n) þrá
obtain, as, for; in; of, concerning; on; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
obtain, beget, persuade, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could (v) geta
obtain, get, reach, catch, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)
obtain; come, arrive; reach; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn (v) koma
obvious; er nú sét - it is now obvious sét
occasion, time (of repetition); at sinni - for the present; eigi optar at sinni - not more than once; eitt sinn - one time; einu sinni - once, for once; hvert sinn - every (n) sinn(i)
occasion; time; um tíma - for any time (m) tími, t(h)īme (‡)
occupation, work (f) iðn
occupy, inhabit; settle (v) byggva
occupy, man; equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
occurrence, event; af þessum atburði - because of this incident (m) atburðr
ocean-going ship (n) hafskip
Od, the name of Freyja's husband or lover Óðr
Odin (personal name) Viðrir
Odin, Othin, chief god of the Æsir (m) Óðinn
of great value; fine, worthy, great; valued at (adj) gildr
of me, my, mine (pron) minn
of us two, our (adj) okkarr
of us, our; mál várt Egils - the case between Egil and me (adj) várr
of you two, your (adj) ykkarr
of you, thy, thine; your (pron) þinn
of you, your (pl pron) yð(v)arr
of, concerning; in; on; as, for, to obtain; (of time) until, to, up to the time; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until(prep) til
of; out of, from; from inside of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) ór
offended, angry (adj) reiðr
offense; annoyance (f) mótgørð
offense; gera til miska - offend, harm (m) miski
offer, give; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
offer; choice, alternative; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress (m) kostr
offer; invite, order, command; bid; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
offerings or compensation, payment due, tribute; feast; guild; recompense, return (n) gildi
officer of high rank; cup-bearer; trencherman (m) skutil-sveinn
often (adv) opta (‡)
often (adv) tiðum
often, frequently; as often as possible, always; optar(r) - oftener, again (adv) opt
ogre, giant (m) þurs
ogress, giantess (n) flagð
Olaf (personal name); Ólafr pái - Olaf the Peacock (nickname) Óláfr
old (adj) gamall
old man; man; common man; churl; Þorsteinn karl - old Thorstein, old man Thorstein - (m) karl
old, aged (adj) aldinn
old, ancient (adj) forn
old-age (m) aldør-döm (‡)
older, elder (adj) ellri
oldest, eldest (adj) el(l)ztr (also ellstr)
on one's back; open (adj) opinn
on the contrary [after neg]; rather; at heldr - all the more; heldr en - rather than, more than (adv) heldr
on the other side of (prep) handan
on the uppermost part, at the top of; from above, down; downwards; above the surface of (adv) ofan
on, down to, over, above; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) ofan
on, forward; away; out; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) fram
on, onto; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
one (num) einn
one (of two); another, other; second, next (adj pron) annarr
one is maliciously inclined mein-gefit
one or another; either annarr hvárr
one who endure insult (m) ertinga-maðr
one who goes in the fens; fens traveler (m) fen-stigi
one who incites; hvati hjǫrleiks - bold warrior (m) hvati
one who pays tribute (m) skat-gildær (‡)
one who tests; munka reynir - God (m) reynir
one who walks after death, zombie, undead (m) aptrgǫngu-maðr
one year (winter) old vetr-gamall
one-armed, handless, bereft of a hand, lacking a hand handarvanr
one-footed, uniped (m) Ein-fœtingr
one-handed einhendr
one's own, own (v) sínn
only (adj) einga
onset; time, while; storm; attack, battle; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð
onto, into (motion); in, within; at (position); during (time); among; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í
onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
Onundarson (personal name) Ǫnundarsonr
onwards (adv); onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep) á
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o op p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
open (cut open) (v) opna (að)
open (ppart.); sink; fall gently; hniginn í aldr - elderly, advanced in years (v) hníga
open space in a forest, clearing (n) rjóðr
open; on one's back (adj) opinn
open-handed, liberal; swift, bold, keen (adj) ǫrr (van)
open-handedness; generosity (m) þegnskapr
opening for the head (in a garment) (f) hǫfuð-smátt
opening, break, breaking (n) rof
opinion, estimate (f) ætlun
opportunity (n) fœri
opportunity; choice, alternative; offer; chance; money available; match, marriage; state, condition, quality; terms; cost, expense; at öðrum kosti - else; otherwise; as another course; hneppir kostir - distress (m) kostr
opposite (prep) gagnvart
opposite (prep) gegnt
oppress, subdue (v) thwingæ (‡)
optical illusion (caused by a spell) (f) sjónhverfing
or, or else; else (adv and conj) ella
or; and; (introducing a question) but (conj) eða
order, invite, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
order, kind (f) slækt (‡)
order, lay, disposition; stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
origin (m) uppruni
origin, extraction (n) ædle (‡)
origin, kin, kindred, kind (n) kyn
Orkney Islands (place name) (f pl) Orkneyjar
Orm (personal name); Ormr inn auðgi - Orm the Wealthy (m) Ormr
ornament, costly thing (n) hnoss
other, further; more fleiri
otherwise (adv) elligar
otter (m) otr
otter pelt or skin (m) otrbelgr
Otter's ransom, ransom or compensation for a dead otter, wergeld (n pl) otrgjöld
ought; must, shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); should (v) skulu
ounce of silver or gold; eighth part of a mǫrk; (from Latin aureum, aura) (m) eyrir
our órr
our, of us two (adj) okkarr
our, of us; mál várt Egils - the case between Egil and me (adj) várr
out at sea; outside; unsheltered (adv) úti
out from; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) undan
out of one's senses, mad (adj) ør-viti
out of, from; of; from inside of; made of; using (as material); with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) ór
out of, from; with; concerning; because of (prep) af
out; forward, on; away; í dalnum fram - in the upper part of the valley; um fram - better than, surpassing (adv) fram
out; from abroad; fara út í lǫnd - go abroad (from Norway) (adv) út
outer door (f pl) úti-dyrr
outer, outermost (adj) ýtri
outermost (adj) ýztr
outermost, outer (adj) ýtri
outfit (m) um-búningr
outhouse; shed (n) úti-búr
outlaw (full outlaw); full; in full swing; fullr af - filled with; fullu - in full; til fullra laga - the the full extent of the law (adj) fullr
outlaw (m) skógar-maðr
outlaw (m) út-lagi
outlawed (adj) útlægr
outlawed, condemned to outlawry; guilty; convicted; ger sekan - condemn to outlawry (adj) sekr
outlawry; penalty (f) sekt
outside (of); externally; beyond; without; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡)- beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) útan
outside; out at sea; unsheltered (adv) úti
outstanding example; afbragð þeira manna allra - the most outanding of all those men (n) afbragð
outstanding or exceptional man (m) afreksmaðr
outward, from within (adv) innan
oven (m) ofn
over, above, at; across, upon (prep) yfir
over, across; past, through, throughout; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
over, down to, above, on; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; fyrir ofan - over, above; ufan - on, above (prep) ofan
over; for; across, through; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
overbearing; ambitious (adj) stjórnsamr
overbearing; tyranny (n) of-ríki
overcome, conquer; win, gain; work; perform, do, accomplish; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
overcome; gain the victory; win (v) sigra
overhanging, hanging, long (adj) síðr
overly, sufficiently, very; enough (adv) œrit
overseer, leader (m) forstjóri
overtake, catch; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
overtake, get, obtain, reach, catch; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)
owe, must, be obligated, have to; own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) eiga
own (adj) egiæn
own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) eiga
own, one's own (v) sínn
own; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
ox (m) uxi
oxen (m pl) yxen, yxæ (‡)
oxen, cattle (n) naut
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p pr q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
pace; step (as measure), foot (n) fet
pacer (name for a horse), strider, stepper (n) feti
pack (for a horse) (f) klyf
pack; cram; tread; walk, go; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) troða
pail, bucket (f) bytta
pain, injury, harm, hurt; disease, plague; koma at meini - do harm to (n) mein
painful, sore; bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated (adj) beiskr
painful, sore; wounded (adj) sárr
paint (v) steina
pale (adj) fǫlr
pale, colorless (adj) litlauss
palm of the hand; holr lófi - open palm (m) lófi
parcel of land, stead; place, spot; abode, dwelling; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
parley, talk, conversation; consultation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) tal
parrel (a sliding ring or collar that confines the yard and sail to the mast but allows vertical movement) (ship/sailing term) rakki
part (m) dēl (‡)
part with (v) lóga
part, piece, thing; portion; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) hlutr
part; fate; lot; mestr hluti - most of (m) hluti
part; place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
particular, detail; branch, division grein
parting (m) skilnaðr
partition, wall (m) bálkr
partner, friend, comrade, companion, fellow (m) félagi
party, followers; help, support; guidance; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) fylgð
pass (usually of time), progress; move, go; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) líða
pass away, die, (v) deyja
pass the night; lodge (v) gista (t)
pass through; wade; wade through (water); rush (at an opponent); vaða fram - charge onward (v) vaða
passage abroad (f) útan-ferð
passage of a ship, voyage, sailing (f) skipför
passenger on a voyage (m) farþegi
passing storm, shower; hailstorm (n) él
past, through, throughout; over, across; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
pasturage, grazing (f) beiting
pasture land, meadow (f) eng
pasture; grass; herb; vegetation; plant (n) gras
path, road; way, journey; manner, fashion (f) leið
path, way (m) stígr
path, way, road (f) gata
pathetic, wretched, miserable; (exclamation of impatience) (adj) vesall
patient (adj) tholugher (‡)
patrimony (f) ætt-leifð
patron (diety) (m) full-trúi
patron, leader; friend (m) vinr
patronage, help (n) um-ráð
paunch-fat ístra
pause, rest hvílð
pavement (in front of homestead) (n) hlað
pavilion; tent, canopy; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) tjald
pay for; buy; make a bargain; dýrt kaupa - pay dearly for; kaupa at - pay, hire (v) kaupa
pay reverence to; bend down, bow; lúta í - bend to; lúta ór horni - raise the head from the horn; lúta til - show deference to (v) lúta
pay, yield; give, grant; help; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡)
pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) gjalda
pay; relate; tell; accomplish; repay; inna til - make mention of (v)  inna
payment (forced payment) (n) nauðgjald
payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation; feast; guild; recompense, return (n) gildi
payment for building (n) smiðar-kaup
payment, tribute; heavy penalty or toll afráð
payment; charge (f) ūt-gift (‡)
payment; tribute; reward; tax; compensation; wergild (n) gjald
peace (f) nāthæ (‡)
peace (in peace); with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
peace (m) friðr
peace, protection (n pl) grið
peace, quiet, grace (f pl) nādhir (‡)
peace; wisdom (f) spekð
peacock (nickname) (m) pái (also pá)
peak of a crag (f) hamargnipa
pebbles, gravel; haukstrandar mǫl - gold rings mǫl, möl
pedestal; stall; perch (for hawks) (m) stallr
peer, search, investigate (v) nýsa (t)
peer, spy (v) skyggna (d)
pelt, skin of animals taken off whole, skin-bag, bellows, bag (m) belgr
pen, fold; gate of bars (f) grind
penalty (heavy penalty or toll); payment, tribute afráð
penalty, punishment, liability to penalty; injury, misfortune víti
penalty; outlawry (f) sekt
penniless (adj) félauss
penny penning
penny; coin, money; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; 1/10 eyrir; piece of property, article; penningar miklir - a good sum of money (m) penningr
people (all the people), the majority of the people, the public, the common people (f) alþyða
people (m); men (m pl) lýðr
people (pl) liónar
people, commons (m) al-mög(h)e (‡)
people, folk, men; troop, host of warriors; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) fólk, folk
people, men (m pl) fyrðar
people, men; living beings or creatures; humankind (m pl) firar
people, nation; race (f) þjóð
people; band of men, host; troops; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
people; mankind (n) mann-fólk
perceive (v) skilja
perceive, notice; know, recognize; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) þekkja (ð)
perceive, understand; see, gaze; know of; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) sjá
perch (for hawks); stall; pedestal (m) stallr
perfect, fulfill (v) ful-kompna (‡)
perform, do (v) iðja
perform, do, accomplish; win, gain; work; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
perform, do; act; make, build, compose; finish (v) gera (ð)
perform, fulfill (v) efna
perform, make; support, aid; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) efla
perform, work, do (v) orka
peril (m) wāþi (‡)
peril; dangerous situation (f) ó-fœra
period of time, season; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
period of time; time; hour; a while, a time; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) stund
perish, be lost (v) for-faras (‡)
perish, be lost; lose; forget; mistake (v) týna (d)
permission (n) orlof
permission, leave (n) leyfi
permission; er heimult - one who has a right; var þat heimult gǫrt - permission was granted heimull
permit, allow; praise (f) lofa (að)
permit, allow; praise (v) leyfa
permit, let, allow; put, place, set; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
persistence; obstinacy (n) þrá
person (n) þiauþ (‡)
person; head (n) höfuð, hǫfuð
person; man; human being; husband; henchman (m) maðr, man, maþær
persuade, obtain, beget, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
pertain to; belong to til-høra (dh) (‡), til-hoyra (‡)
petty suits (f pl) smá-sakir
phantom, horror (n) skrípi
phrase, expression (n) orð-tœki
physical strength, might, power; strength; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) afl
physician (m) læknir
pick up, snatch; pull, jerk; rend (v) kippa (ð, t)
pick up, take hold of, grasp; take, capture, catch, seize; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
piece of wood, log, plank; wooden beam; base of an anvil (m) stokkr
piece, bit, morsel (m) toddi
piece, part, thing; portion; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) hlutr
piece; bits, fragments (m) moli
pier; gangway; landing-stage; bridge (f) bryggja
pierce; creep through an opening (v) smjúga
pierce; cut, shear; cut through; cut open; make incisions, carve; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) skera
piglet griss
pike, spear (for throwing), dart, shaft; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) fleinn
pile of wood; wood-pile (m) viðar-kǫstr
pile, load (v) hlaða
pillar, post; beam; tree (the ash Yggdrasil) þollr
pillars; posts (High seat posts) öndvegissúlur
pillow, cushion (n) hœgindi
pin (m) dálkr
pinch (v) klýpa (ð)
pinched, scorched, chafing (adj) skarpr
piracy, shore raid; høgva strandhögg - engage in piracy (n) strandhögg
pirate, Viking (m) vikingr
pit (for catching bears) (m) bjarn-báss
pit, hole, ditch (f) grǫf, gróf
pitch a tent, set up (booth or tent) (v) tjalda
pithless, feeblehearted, 'without strength'; weak (adj) þrótt-lauss
pithless, timid, gutless, 'without fortitude' (adj) þrek-lauss
place the feet; kick; spyrna í iljar - touch one another with the soles of the feet (two men lying on their backs) (v) spyrna (d)
place where court is held (m) dómstaðr
place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
place, put, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
place, put; set; seat; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
place, set; equip; provide; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
placed lagit, lagt
placed, present; situated; staying; staddr við - present staddr
plagiarizer illskaelda
plague, disease; injury, pain, harm, hurt; koma at meini - do harm to (n) mein
plain, field; ground, level ground; vǫllr brimils - the sea, 'the seal's ground' (m) vǫllr, völlr
plank, hull, board, strake; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð
plank, log, piece of wood; wooden beam; base of an anvil (m) stokkr
plant (general); leek laukr
plant; grass; herb; pasture; vegetation (n) gras
platform (m) hjallr
play at 'tables', play board games (v) tefla (lð)
play board games, play at 'tables' (v) tefla (lð)
play, game, sport, contest; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) leikr
play, sport; move to and fro; be current; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) leika
playing the harp (m) harp-sláttr
pleading (m) flutningr
pleading of lawsuits (m) mála-flutningr
pleasant, happy; gracious (adj) bliðr
please, be pleasing; láta sér líka - allow oneself to be satisfied (v) líka (að)
pleasure, delight; entertainment; þykkja gaman at - take pleasure in (n) gaman
pledge (n) veð
pledge; dress; bind, tie, fasten; bind up (a wound); binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda
plenty (of); enough; gnógt - plenty gnógr
plenty of, multitude; great number, store (f) fjölð
plenty, abundance (f) gnótt
plough, scratch; scrape (v) erja
plunder, rob, deprive of (v) ræna, ráena
plunder; raid, harry; make war (v) herja (að)
plundering, raid (m) hernaðr
poem (n) kvæði
poem of praise; encomium (n) lof-kvæði
poet, skald (n) skáld, skald
poetic diction (n pl) skáld-skaprmál
poetical periphrasis or metaphor (f) kenning
poetry (m) bragþáttr
poetry, poetic art (m) skáld-skapr
point (m) oddr
point (m) stikill
point of the spear, spike (m) broddr
poison (n) eitr
poisonous serpent (m) eitr-ormr
pole (f) trjóna
pole (wooden pole or beam for drying the washing) (m) vað-áss
pole, staff, standard-pole (f) stǫng, stöng
pole, stem of wood; troða marglóðar - lady troða
pole, timber; wooden staff, stick; crozier (m) stafr
pole, tree-trunk meiðr
pole-ladder; stake (m) kraki
pool, hole (m) hylr
poop-deck; stern (high decked part of stern) (f) (ship/sailing term) lypting
poor (adj) félítill
poor, unfortunate, unhappy; vile, wretched, wicked (adj) armr
poor, wretched (adj) fátœkr
poor; wretched, needy (adj) válaðr
pope (m) pāue (‡)
pope, monk (Irish monk), priest; Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived (m) papi
popular, beloved (adj) vin-sæll
popularity (f) vin-sæld
populated, become peopled, full of people fjǫlmennask (t)
porridge (m) grautr
port side, 'back-side' (ship/sailing term) bak-borði
portion; part, piece, thing; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) hlutr
position of the sun at dagmál (m) dagmála-staðr
position of the sun at eykt (m) eyktar-staðr
position, stratum, layer; stab, thrust; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
possess, get; gain possession of, get for oneself (v) eignask (að)
possess, hold, keep; have; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
possess, own, have; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to; be married or related to; must, owe, be obligated, have to; eiga ráðagørð - take counsel; eiga vaka - have to be awake; eiga við - deal with, have to deal with; verða eigandi - become the owner of; eigask við - wrestle, fight(v) eiga
possession eigu
possession, holding; harbor (f) höfn, hǫfn
possession; keeping (f) hirzla
possessions (f) eign
possessions, wealth (f) auðœfi
possessions; cattle; sheep; wealth, money (n)
possible, easy, convenient; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
post, pillar; beam; tree (the ash Yggdrasil) þollr
posts (High seat posts); pillars öndvegissúlur
potlicker sipill
pour, shower; din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz (v) dynja
pour; sprinkle; ladle; water; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) ausa
poverty (f) fátœkð
poverty, lack of means (n) efna-leysi
poverty; destitution; destiny (n) válað
poverty; difficulty, need, distress; harm; ætla til nauð - intend as harm to (f) nauð(r)
power for evil (m) ófagnaðr-kraptr
power, aid (m) afli
power, authority; realm; kingdom (n) ríki
power, control (n) vald
power, force (f) makt (‡)
power, might, ability; strength; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) megin
power, physical strength, might; strength; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) afl
powerful (tremendously or overwhelmingly); fearsome; loathesome ámáttugr
powerful, great, magnificent; mighty (adj) ríkr
powerful, mighty; strong; rammr at afli - extremely strong (adj) rammr
powerful, strong ǫflugr
powerful, strong; doughty (adj) þrúðugr
powers (mighty powers) (pl) ginnregin
powers of fate, fates (pl); weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n) urðr
powers, gods, rulers (n pl) regin
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p pr q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
praise (n) lof
praise (v) mæra (ð)
praise, flatter, boast of (v) hœla
praise; allow, permit (f) lofa (að)
praise; boast (v) hrósa
praise; encomium (f) mærð
praise; encomium (m) hróðr (rs)
praise; permit, allow (v) leyfa
pray to; call, name, give a name to, call on; promise; be called, be named (v) heita
prayer, request (f) bœn
preach (v) boða
preach (v) prēdica (adh) (‡)
preamble, foreward, preface; stipulation, condition; formula; charm (m) formáli
precious objects; treasure, wealth, riches auðr
precious; expensive, dear (adj) dýrr
precocious, matured early in life (adj) bráðgörr
preface, preamble, foreward; stipulation, condition; formula; charm (m) formáli
premises, courtyards of a house (pl.), homestead(s) heimisgarðar
preparation; veita umbúð - make arrangement to do a thing (f) umbúð
prepare food, cook (v) mat-búa
prepare, clear, empty, pile up (or clear away) (v) ryðja
prepare, make ready; live (in a place), dwell, inhabit; array, dress; have a household, keep house; be, be ready; búa til - prepare for; búa um - arrange, set up; búa um sik - make one's bed; búa um skip - prepare a ship (for the winter); búið heilir - dwell in peace, farewell, have a household, keep house; búa í skapi - be on one's mind; búit - equipped; búinn til - ready for, prepared, able; búa við - prepared to, ready for; svá búit - in such matters, as matters stand; við svá búit - without more ado; búask - prepare, get oneself ready; búask til - make ready for, prepare oneself for; búask til ferðar - set out; búask um - make oneself secure; encamp, take quarters, be prepared for; expect (v) búa
prepared, ready (v pp of búa) búinn
present, placed; situated; staying; staddr við - present staddr
preserve, keep, watch, defend (v) varð-veita
press, urge on, compel, force; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) knyja, knýja
press; push (v) þrøngva (ð)
presumption, pride (n) mikil-læti
previous, former, before; inn fyrri dagr - the day before; í fyrra vetur - the winter before (adj) fyrri
previously, formerly (adv) før (‡)
previously, sooner (adv) fyrri
price; worth (n) verð
prickly; sharp, keen (adj) hvass
pride mat-naðr
pride (m) ofsi
pride (n) of
pride, haughtiness (n) draumblæti
pride, lack of moderation (n) óhóf
pride, presumption (n) mikil-læti
priest (m) prestr
priest, monk (Irish monk), pope; Culdee, name for the Irish anchorites said to be in Iceland when the first Norse settlers arrived (m) papi
priest; chief, chieftain (m) goði
priestess (f) gyðja
prime time, 9 a.m. (m) prīm-tīmæ (‡)
prince (m) dǫglingr
prince (m) konungsson
prince, king (m) buðlungr
prince, king (m) lofðungr
prince, leader (m) fólkhagi
prince, leader (m) vísi
prince; king (m) jǫfurr
prince; ruler (m) þjóðann
princely hǫfðingh_legr (‡)
prisoner (m) fangi
probable, likely (adj) líkligr
probable; like, resembling; promising; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) líkr, glíkr
probable; more likely; vænstr - most likely venna
proceed in, begin to; step (v) feta
proceed on a journey; seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; attack; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one (v) leita (að)
proceeding (n) atferli
procession, a walking, course (f) ganga
proclaim; dawn; illuminate (v) lysa
proclaim; judge (v) dœma
procure, get, take; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
produce of the land (f pl) lands-nytjar
produce; hafa frammi - produce, make use of (adv) frammi
profit (m) góði
profit (m) slœgr
profit, advancement, benefit; luck; fame, growth, success; courage, ability (m) frami
profit; use; eat; avail; derive benefit from; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) nýta (tt)
progeny, child; baby; offspring, family, kin kind
progeny, family line kynslóð
progress, pass (usually of time); move, go; dead; liða at - draw toward (of time); liða fram - pass away; leið á vetrinn (or várit) - the winter (spring) was far spent; drew to a close; sem leið at jólum - as it drew near to Yule, as time passed toward Yule (v) líða
progress; success (f) framkvæmd
prohibition (n) for-buðū
prohibition of corn trade (n) cornband (‡)
prohibition, ban (n) bann
prolong, lengthen (v) lengja (ð)
prominent man, great man, wealthy man, man of power (m) ríkismaðr
promise (n) heit
promise; call, name, give a name to, call on; be called, be named; pray to (v) heita
promising (adj) efniligr
promising (adj) mann-vænn
promising a good seasonal harvest (adj) árvænn
promising; beautiful, handsome, fair to behold; likely, to be expected; hopeful (adj) vænn
promising; like, resembling; probable; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) líkr, glíkr
promptly, quickly (adv) greiðliga
pronounce, impose, decree; make, create (v) skepia (skóp, skapða)
proof (of a thing), token, evidence (n) jartegn
proper, fitting, becoming; deserving (adj) makligr
proper, just, fair (adj) sannligr
property tax, land tax (f) landskyld
property, nature, characteristic quality; natural ability (f); spirits (f pl) náttúra
prophecy, song of fate (f) spá
prophesying well or rightly velspár
prophetess, seeress; witch, sorceress, soothsayer (f) vǫlva, völva
prophetess, sibyl (f) spá-kona
prophetess, sibyl (f) vísinda-kona
proportion; at hófi - tolerably (n) hóf
proposition; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
prosper (v) hlyða
prosperity; happiness sæla
prostrate, flat (adj) flatr
protect, defend; keep away; hold a place against, keep one away from; verjask - keep oneself (v) verja (varði)
protect, shelter; show mercy (v) hlifa, hlifá
protected; holy, sacred; heilgir fiskar - halibuts (adj) heilagr
protection, cover; shield; shelter (f) hlíf
protection, help, aid; inspection; appearance, shape (f) ásjá
protection, help, support, confidence (n) traust
protection, peace (n pl) grið
protection, shield wall (f) skjald-borg
protector; Þor (Thor), 'Midgarðs véurr' véurr
proud (adj) mikil-látr
proud, haughty, arrogant (adj) stórlátr
proud, magnificent (adj) stolther (‡)
proud; splendid (adj) prúðr
prove, try; experience; reyna ilt af - meet with evil at the hands of; reyndr vas flestr - most were put to the test; be proved; reynt er - trial has been made; be proved (v) reyna (d)
proverb (m) orðs-kviðr
provide (v) birgja
provide with supports; rest; support; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) styðja (dd), studdi
provide with wood; viða heim ǫllum sumarviði - bring in all the summer wood (v) viða (að)
provide; equip; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
provide; invite, order, command; bid; offer; challenge; threaten; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
province (n) fylki
provisions (f pl) birgðir
provisions for a journey vegnest
provisions, food; food and lodging; stay; abode; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) vist
provisions, traveling provisions (n) nest
provisions; grasp, catch, hold; wrestling, contest; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang
provisions; supplies atdráttr
provocation; merit (f) til-gørð
prow (m) framstafn
prow; beak (m) (ship/sailing term) hǫfuðstafn
prowess, ability, skill; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) dugr
proximity; í nánd - near; í nánd við - close to (f) nánd
pull of an oar (m) vörr
pull violently, yank (v) hnykkja (ð, t)
pull, draw, drag, haul; draga seil upp - hoist sail; draga et sér - collect; draga til - compel, induce; draga frá - clear away; draga undan - escape; draga á vetur - feed through the winter (v) draga
pull, jerk; snatch, pick up; rend (v) kippa (ð, t)
pull; fasten, button (v) kneppa (t)
pull; fǫrum sem okkr fœtr toga - let us be off as fast as we can go; togask - pull hard (against) (v) toga (að)
pull; struggle (f) svipting
pulling, rowing (m) róðr
punishment, penalty, liability to penalty; injury, misfortune víti
purchase; loosen, untie; depart; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
purpose, expect, look for, intend (to do), mean; fated; think, consider (to be); ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
purpose; part, piece, thing; portion; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) hlutr
purposeless, without effect, lit errand-less (adj) ørendislauss
pursue, chase; cast down (v) elta
push, shove; drive, drift; ratt af sér - threw off (v) hrinda
push; press (v) þrøngva (ð)
put a top on; top, crown; um hǫfuð typpa - wind a headdress on the head (v) typpa
put forth effort; cost; kosta rásar - run at great speed (v) kosta
put hope in (v) hopas til (‡)
put on, gird (v) gyrða
put right; reach, stretch up or out; raise; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) rétta (tt)
put to the test; try; make trial of; test (v) freista (st)
put, give, deliver; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
put, place, lay; put down, lay down; move, bring; stab, thrust, throw; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
put, place; set; seat; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
quake, shake, tremble, move, be moved; march (v) bifask (ð, að)
quarrel (v) deila
quarrel, litigation (f) deild
quarrel; divide; distinguish; contend; deila við - contend with (v) deila (d)
quarrel; ganga sleitum - to quarrel (v) sleita
quarters for the night (n) nátt-ból
quarters, lodgings (n) herbergi
queen (f) dróttning
quick, swift; sem skjótast - as soon as possible, straightaway (adj) skjótr
quickly (adv) hraðliga
quickly (adv) hverfr
quickly (adv) skjótla
quickly (adv) skótt
quickly (adv) títt
quickly, hastily (adv) skyndi-liga
quickly, promptly (adv) greiðliga
quiet, peace, grace (f pl) nādhir (‡)
quiet, silent (adj) hljóðr
quiet; hafa kyrt um sik, sitja um kyrt - remain quiet kyrr
quiet; wise, learned (adj) spakr
quite prepared al-búinn
quite true (adj) all-sannr
quite, very (adv) stundar
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r ri s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
race course; running-ground; knarrar skeið - sea, 'ship course' (n) skeið
race, hurry (v) rás
race; people, nation (f) þjóð
radiance (m) ljómi
rag, flag (f) flík
rag, torn piece (n) slitri
rage (giant's rage) jǫtun-móðr
rage (v) geisa
raging, raving, frenzied, mad with fear; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) ódr
Ragnar (personal name); Ragnarr loðbrók - Ragnar Shaggy-breeches, a legendary Viking chieftain of the 9th century (m) Ragnarr
Ragnarok, the twilight of the gods, the world's end (also referred to as the ragna rök - doom of the gods) (n) ragna-røk(k)r
Ragnar's son Ragnarsson
raid, harry; plunder; make war (v) herja (að)
raid, plundering (m) hernaðr
raid; í víking - on a raid; (f) víking
rail, bar; short piece (m) spǫlr
raise, lift (v) yppa (pð)
raise, lift, heave; begin; hold; hefja blót - hold sacrifices (v) hefja
raise, set up; láta reisa stein - have a stone raised (v) reisa (t)
raise; reach, stretch up or out; put right; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) rétta (tt)
raise; swing up; swing; reiða fram - swing down, strike a blow; reiddi sik - threw himself (v) reiða (dd)
raised platform along the side(s) of a hall; step (m) pallr
raised up; up (position); be at an end; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) uppi
raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall, seat, room in which one sits; residence(s) (pl) set
raising up; success (f) upp-reist
rake (v) raka
rake, shave (v) rakæ (aþ) (‡)
ram (m) hrútr
ram, (head)butt, gore (by cattle); stangask - butt each other (v) stanga
Rangarvellir (place name), Rang River Plains Rangárvellir
rank (f) rǫð
ranking; of high rank tiginn
ransom for one's life; release from life (f) fjörlausn
ransom or compensation for a dead otter, Otter's ransom, wergeld (n pl) otrgjöld
ransom, wergeld or compensation for a dead son (n pl) sonargjöld
ransom, wergeld, or compensation for a dead brother (n pl) bróðurgjöld
rare (adj) fásénn
rash, unwise (adj) óvitrligr
Ratatosk, the squirrel that carries insults between Níðhöggr and the eagle (m) Ratatoskr (also Ratatöskr)
rather; [after neg] on the contrary; at heldr - all the more; heldr en - rather than, more than (adv) heldr
Rathsvith, Counsel-sharp Ráðsviðr
rattle, dash noisily, clatter, clash; roar; resound (v) glymja
Raumariki (place name) (n) Raumaríki
raven (m) hrafn
raven 'wound-mew' (m) benmár
raven, 'wound-grouse' (m) ben-már
ravine, gorge (n) gil
raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear; frantic; furious; vehement; enraged (adj) ódr
reach, get, obtain, catch, overtake; be able to; ná at - be able to, be allowed to (v) ná (ð)
reach, stretch up or out; raise; put right; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) rétta (tt)
reach, touch; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
reach; come, arrive; obtain; occur; come about; recover; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) koma
read, gather; express, concoct (v) lesa
readily (adv) fljótr
ready, prepared (v pp of búa) búinn
ready; made, built; done; sent; done for, finished off (adj) gǫrr (van)
realm of the giants iǫtunheimr
realm; kingdom; power, authority (n) ríki
rear, bring up; give birth to; feed; nurse; grow up; fœða upp - bring up; fœðask - grow up, be brought up; be born; feed oneself, be fed; fœðask upp - grow up, be brought up (v) fœða (dd)
reason; material; state, condition (n) efni
reason; sake; tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate) (f) skyld
reasonable; easy to deal with; er óvandleikit við hann - it is easy to deal with him (adj) óvand-leikit
reasonable; gentle; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
reasonable; mild (adj) gæfr
receive, accept; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
receive, suffer; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) fara
receive; accept; accept lodgings; þiggja undan - get one released (v) þiggja
receive; get (as one's lot); be allocated; result; be obliged to (v) hljóta
receive; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
reception (f) við-taka
reciprocated silence, silence in return endrþaga
recite (v) þylja (þuldi)
recite, recount fyrtelia (-talða)
recite; recite verse; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
recite; tell, say; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; (v) telja (talða)
reckon, count; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; (v) telja (talða)
reckoning, enumeration, list; talk, parley, conversation; consultation (n) tal
recognize, know; notice, perceive; accept; þekkjast - know one another (v) þekkja (ð)
recoil, fall back (v) hrøkkva
recoil; give way (v) hǫrfa (að)
recompense, return; feast; guild; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation (n) gildi
reconcile; make peace among; sættask at því - settle on such terms, agree; sættask - come to terms, settle, agree, be reconciled; sættask á - agree to (v) sætta (tt)
reconciled; at peace (adj) sáttr
reconciliation, settlement; settlement of suits; atonement, agreement; at sætt - as atonement (f) sætt
recount, recite fyrtelia (-talða)
recover; claim; get back; draw, summon (v) heimta (t)
recover; come, arrive; reach; obtain; occur; come about; koma á - the blow or missile comes upon, strikes, penetrates; koma at - come to, reach; come up; arrive at; get at, obtain; recover; koma ásamt með þeim - they agreed; koma endr at - regain; koma endr at - regain; koma fram - be set up; come to pass; koma fyrir - strike, hit; bring; send; be an equivalent, be given in compensation; come to the ears of; koma í fœri - get an opportunity; koma fœti - set foot; koma Kristni á - Christianize; koma at þeim ǫrunum - get at them with arrows; koma bogunum við - make use of the bow against them; koma ti falls - bring one to a fall; koma til - be born; arrive; come about, occur; concern one, be one's business; koma upp - result; hvar koma skal - what shall be done; ef váttum kvæmi við - one produces witnesses; bestowed; komask at - come to close quarters with; fram komask - be brought about; komask fyrir - become known to; komask ór hǫndum - escape from; komask at bak þeim - attack them in the rear; komask undan - escape, survive; komaz viðr - come against, take effect on; kominn vel á sik - accomplished; make one's way; hvar var komit - what had occurred; fyrir ván komit - past all hope; komask - make one's way; vel kominn - welcome; mjǫk komit at degi - nearly dawn; (v) koma
red (also frequently as a descriptor for gold) (adj) rauðr
red, ruddy (adj) rjóðr
red-bearded; hinn Rauðskeggjaði - Þor (Thor) (adj) rauð-skeggjaðr
redden, make red (v) rjóða
reddened; blood-stained (adj) roðinn
redeem; loosen, untie; depart; purchase; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
redeem; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) gjalda
redress, compensation; honor (f) sœmð, sœmd
redundant; who, which, that; when; where; as; is (conj) er
reef (in the sea); rib (n) rif
reef (sails) (ship/sailing term); sweep; throw, fling (v) svipta (t)
reek, smoke (m) eimi
reek, smoke; go flying, tumble (v) rjúka
Ref (personal name), Refr inn rauði - Ref the Red (m) Refr
reflection (f) um-huxan (‡)
refrain, repeated comment or phrase (n) stefna
Refsstadir (place name) Ref's farmstead (m pl) Resstaðir
refuge, resort; means of existence, way (of going on) vera
refuse, deny (v) neita (tt)
refuse, deny (v) synja (að)
regard (warm regard), statement (favorable statement), esteem líknstafr
regard; look; see; seem; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) líta
Regin; son of Hreidmar, brother of Fafnir the dragon (m) Reginn
region; troop; band, company; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) sveit
region; world, earth; heima í millim, í milli heims ok heljar - between life and death (m) heimr
regional military leader in Norway; chieftain (m) hersir
reindeer (m) hreinn
rejoice (v) glæd-hias
rejoice at, welcome; glad (to be glad) (v) fagna (að)
rejoicing in battle bǫð-reifr
rejoicing in battle víg-reifr
relate incorrectly missegja
relate, tell of; obtain, beget, persuade, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
relate; say, speak; tell, tell of; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) segja (sagða)
relate; tell; accomplish; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v)  inna
relationship, marriage (f) samför
relative, friend, kinsman (m) frændi
release from life; ransom for one's life (f) fjörlausn
reliable, unfailing (adj) ó-brigðr
reliable; well-disposed (adj) tillagagoðr
religion; custom (m) síðr
reluctant (adj) tregr
reluctant, unwilling (adj) nauðugr
reluctant, unwilling (adj) trauðr
remain, stay; sit; reside; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) sitja
remain, stay; stand (firm); stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
remedy, bettering, cure; adornment; (f pl) compensation, atonement; at botúm - as atonement (f) bót
remember, call to mind; muna langt fram - remember from a long time back (v) muna
remind; minnir mik - I remember; minnask - remember, call to mind (v) minna
rend; pull, jerk; snatch, pick up (v) kippa (ð, t)
renown, fame (m) orðs-tírr
renown, fame, reputation (m) dómr
rent, hire (v) leiga (ð)
repay, requite; pay; pay compensation; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) gjalda
repay; relate; tell; accomplish; pay; inna til - make mention of (v)  inna
repeated comment or phrase, refrain (n) stefna
repeatedly, not seldom (adv) ósjaldan
repent of (v) iðrask
replies, answers (n pl) svǫr
reply, answer (n) svar
report, account (f) sǫgn
report, repute, fame; word; speech; conversation; message; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) orð
reproach, blame (m) ámæli
reputation, fame, renown (m) dómr
reputation, fame; judgment; court; heilagr dómr - sacred relic (m) dómr
repute, fame, report; word; speech; conversation; message; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) orð
request, ask for (v) æsta
request, prayer (f) bœn
require; need; (impers.) be necessary; have need of; þurfa við - stand in need of; þarf - it is necessary (v) þurfa, thorfua (‡)
requite, repay; pay; pay compensation; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for; suffer on account of (v) gjalda
rescue, save (v) frelsa
resembling, like; probable; promising; likely; similar to; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) líkr, glíkr
resentment (m) íhugi
reserve, folly; conceit dul
reserved, cold; few; little; a small number; fátt manna - few men (lit few of men) (adj) fár
reserved, silent, taciturn (adj) fálátr
reserved; not meddlesome (adj) fáskiptinn
reside; sit; stay, remain; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) sitja
residence or throne for a king; stool, chair; bishop's see (m) stóll, stōll (‡)
residence(s); seat, room in which one sits, raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall (pl) set
residence, royal residence (f) atseta
resistance, defense, counter-attack; til móttöku - to a defense, to counter-attack (f) móttaka
resolute; hard-hearted; ruthless (adj) harðhugaðr
resolved einráðinn
resort to, visit (v) til-sȳkia (‡)
resort, refuge; means of existence, way (of going on) vera
resound (v) duna (að)
resound, din, thunder, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) dynja
resound, thunder (v) þrymja
resound; flow; rush (v) þjóta
resound; roar; dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash (v) glymja
resound; whir (v) dunði
resourceful, deep-witted (adj) djúpvitr
resources or quality (good) of a country (m) lands-kostr
respect, honor, value, reputation (f) virðing
respect, way; place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
respite, delay; lj'a fresta - give; respite (n) frest
rest, lie, sleep (v) hvíla (ð, d)
rest, pause hvílð
rest, stop; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
rest; bið ró - have rest; biða ró - have quiet (f)
rest; graze (v) æja
rest; support; provide with supports; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) styðja (dd), studdi
result; be allocated; receive; get (as one's lot); be obliged to (v) hljóta
retainer, follower (m) sveitungr
retainer, king's man (m) hirðmaðr
retainer, servant; farmhand; king's man (m) húskarl
return, recompense; feast; guild; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation (n) gildi
revenge for one's father (f pl) fǫður-hefndir
revered (adj) hæið-werðr (‡)
revile; scoff at; bark; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) geyja
reward (n pl) laun
reward (v) launa
reward; tribute; payment; tax; compensation; wergild (n) gjald
Reykjanes, Headland of Smoke (place name) (n) Reykjanes
Reykjavik, Bay of Smoke (f) Reykjarvík
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r ri s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
rib; reef (in the sea) (n) rif
rich, wealthy; auðigr at fé - very wealthy (adj) auðigr
riches, treasure, wealth; precious objects auðr
riddle (f) gáta
ride; ride over; riða ofan - descend (v) ríða
rider, horseman (m) riddari
ridge (projecting ridge between two valleys) (m) múli
ridge (rough, stony hill or ridge); wood, woodland, forest (n) holt
ridge; hill-crest háls
ridge-beam (m) brúnáss
riding to attend the Thing (f) þing-reið
riding; chariot (f) reið
riding; third; third part (m) þriðjungr
Rifsker (place name), Rocky or Rib Reef (n) Rifsker
rigging, tackle; harness, trappings; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) reiði
right (adj) hœgri
right of taking witness (f) vita (‡)
right well (adv) stór-vel
right, correct, straight; just, fair; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) réttr
right, lawful claim; cause, condition; law; treaty (m) réttr
right, rightly; directly (adv) rétt (r)
right; bound, obliged; due; urgent; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) skyldr
righteous (adj) ræt-vis (‡)
righteousness (f) ræt-vīsa (‡)
rigid, stiff; harsh, severe (adj) stirðr
rim (of shield), edge (m) þrǫmr
rim of heaven, horizon or precinct of heaven, sky himinioðurr
rim; margin between rim and liquid; board, strake, hull, plank (ship/sailing term); side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð
rim; shield (f) rǫnd
rime (n) hrim
ring distributor (m) hring-brjótr
ring, bracelet, armlet; coil (m) baugr
ring, circle (m) hringr
ring-giving prince (m) baug-skati
rip apart; bite, bite through; cut (v) bíta
rip, tear (v) rífa
rise high, swell (v) svella
rise high, tower (v) gnæfa (ð)
rise time, time to rise, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 a.m. (n) rísmál
rising higher above the sea borð-meiri
risk, venture, stake; cease (v) hætta
river (f) á
river (n) fljót
river; water; lake; waterway (n) vatn, watn (‡)
rivet, clench rivets (v) hnjóða
road (f); í braut - away (adv) braut
road to hell (m) hel-vegr
road, path; way, journey; manner, fashion (f) leið
road, way where men pass (m) manna-vegr
road, way, path (f) gata
road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
roam, wander about (as a shepherd with his sheep) (v) flakka
roar; resound; dash noisily, clatter, rattle, clash (v) glymja
roar; splash against (v) gnyja
roast (v) steikja
rob, plunder, deprive of (v) ræna, ráena
rob, rob one of, steal (v) stela
Robert Longsword, (c. 893 – 17 December 942), second ruler of Normandy (m) Roðbertr löngumspaði
rock on which waves break (n) brim-sker
rock, crag (m) klettr
rock, stone, boulder; cliff; crag; mountain (n) bjarg
rock, stone; cave or stone dwelling; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) steinn
rock; skerry, isolated rock sticking out to sea (n) sker
rocks (n pl) grjótbjǫrg
rocky mound (m) grjót-hóll
rocky, stony (adj) grýttr, gryttr
Rogaland (placename) Rogaland
roll (the eyes); throw; shoot; hop; launch (boat); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) skjóta
roll over (v) veltask
roll, fly, spring; snore (v) hrjóta
roll, make run; renna augum - direct the eyes, look; atgeirinn rendi í gegnum skjǫldinn - the spear was run through the shield (v) renna (d)
roof (n) ræfr
roof, thatch (f) þekja
roof, thatch (n) þak
roofed with overlapping boards súð-þakiðr
room at the side (n) af-hús
room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskáli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held, stove room; sitting room (f) stofa
room in which one sits, seat, raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall; residence(s) (pl) set
room of house; house (n); farm (n pl) hús
room, space; seat; bed (n) rúm
root (f) rót
rope (twisted rope), cable (m) kaðall
rope, bowline; line; bridal veil; linen headdress (f) lína
rope, cable (ship/sailing term); scroll; bowstring (m) strengr
rope, trace (n) reip
rope, trap (?) (f) festr
ropes; fastenings by which boats were tied together for battle (ship/sailing term) (n pl) tengsl
rorqual, large baleen whale (f) reyðr
rot, decay (v) fúna
rotten, decayed (adj) fúinn
round, about; over, across; past, through, throughout; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
rouse; wake, waken, awake; vekja upp - wake up (v) vekja (vakti, vekte (‡))
rouse; waken (v) vakti
route normally followed, main road (m) almannavegr
route taken to attend the þing (f) þingmanna-leið
rove, travel about; fall down (v) rata (að)
row; hræs lanar - the rows of the slain (f) lǫn
row; róa fyrir (landi) - row along (the shore) (v) róa
rower's seat sess
rowing out to fish (m) út-roðr (rar)
rowing towards, rowing against (m) atróðr
rowing, pulling (m) róðr
royal residence, residence (f) atseta
rub (v) gnúa
rub, shape by rubbing (v) má (ð)
rub, stroke, wipe; caress; smooth, brush (v) strjúka
rudder, helm (n) stýri, styri
ruddy, red (adj) rjóðr
ruddy-complexioned (adj) rauðlitaðr
rule over, govern, command (v) stjórna
rule, steer, command, direct, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
ruler (m) for-man (‡)
ruler (m) stillR
ruler, chief; leader; chieftain; captain (m) hǫfðingi
ruler, leader (m) skati
ruler; prince (m) þjóðann
rulers, gods, powers (n pl) regin
rummaging (n) þrausk
run, flow (v) rinna
run; í kǫpp við - to run a race with; hǫfgi rann á hann - he fell asleep; renna af - pass away from one; dagr rann upp - it dawned; renna upp - make raids on (vi); put to flight (vt) renna
run; leap (v) stikla
run; leap, spring; climb; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) hlaupa
run; running; taka hlaup - take a run; (n) hlaup
rune man (one skilled in runes) (m) rȳni-maþr (‡)
rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery; secret wisdom, secret writing (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) rún
rune-craft skilled (most skilled in rune-craft) (m) rýnstr
running away (n) brott-hlaup
running-ground; race course; knarrar skeið - sea, 'ship course' (n) skeið
rush (at an opponent); wade; wade through (water), pass through; vaða fram - charge onward (v) vaða
rush (v) hrapa (að)
rush forth with violence; rushing furiously (v) geysa
rush, crowd, throng, drift, hurry (vi) drifa
rush, stumble (v) rasa (að)
rush; flow; resound (v) þjóta
Russia and the Orient; eastern lands; eastern Europe (n pl) Austrlönd
Russia or Wendland, 'the eastern kingdom' (n) øster-rīke (‡)
ruthless, hard in counsel, tyrannical (adj) harðráðr
ruthless; hard-hearted; resolute (adj) harðhugaðr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
sacrament, mystery; notable thing; great wonders (n pl) stórmerki
sacred, holy; protected; heilgir fiskar - halibuts (adj) heilagr
sacred, most holy ginnheilagr
sacrifice (n) húsl
sacrifice, sacrifice in worship; worship; worship with sacrifice; curse (v) blóta
sacrifice; heathen (n) blót
saddle (m) sǫðull
saddle-pad, felt (m) þófi
sadness, depression (f) ógleði
Sæmhrimnir, the boar who feeds the warriors in Valhöll (m) Sæhrímnir
Saemund (personal name) Sæmundr
safe, secure, trusty (adj) ør-uggr
safe, sound; hale; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
safe, true, trusty (adj) tryggr (van)
safe; trusty (adj) trúr
saga, what is said, legend; story; history; saga til - a story about (f) saga
sagacious, very wise, wise (of a woman) (adj) alsnotr
said by all almætr
said of old, in days gone by (n) forn-kveðit
sail (ship/sailing term) (n) segl
sail (vertical leech of sail) (ship/sailing term) rá-lík
sail near the wind, beat (ship/sailing term) beita
sail pin (later luff) (ship/sailing term), splint úfr
sail, carry sail; sigla með - sail along; sail past (ship/sailing term) (v) sigla
sailing (ship/sailing term) (f) sigling
sailing, voyage, passage of a ship (f) skipför
sailor, seaman, seafarer, merchant, trader (m) farmaðr
sailyard, spar (tacking spar) (ship/sailing term) beitiáss
sake; reason; tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate) (f) skyld
saliva, slobber, slobberer (as nickname) (f) slefa
salmon (m) lax
salute, greet; kveðja (upp) call up, summon (v) kveðja (kvaddi)
salute, greeting (f) kveðja
salute; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
same; ísamt - together; ina sömu nótt - on the same night; it sama - the same, likewise; sem samt sé - in the same way (adj pron) samr
sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), (stone) altar, temple hǫrgr
sanctuary within arrow-shot of a home; í ǫrskots-helgi - within arrow-shot (f) ǫrskots-helgr
sand; beach, shore (m) sandr
sandbank; gravelly riverbank; shoal; spit, small spit of land running into the sea (f) eyrr
satisfaction of curiosity (f) forvitnis-bót
satisfy; láta nøghia sik at - content oneself with (v) nøghia (‡)
Saturday, 'bathing day' (m) laugar-dagr
save (v) forða (að)
save, except, but; unless (conj) nema
save, help (v) bjarga
save, help (v) hjálpa
save, rescue (v) frelsa
Saxon; southerner; German (m) suðr-maðr
say 'yes', agree to (v) já (ð)
say, declare; call, cry out; name (v) kalla
say, speak, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
say, speak; tell, tell of; relate; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) segja (sagða)
say, tell; stipulate; segja frá - tell of, relate; segja til - inform on; give information of; segja til sin - tell one's name; segja upp - declare, pronounce; segisk þar vílja vera - he says he wishes to stay there (v) segja
say; recite; tell; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; (v) telja (talða)
scabbard (f) um-gjǫrð
scabbard (m) skálpr
scabbard, sheath (f pl) slíðir, slíðrar
scant hneppr
scantily; scarcely; but little (adv) vart
scarcely (adv) trautt
scarcely (adv) varla
scarcely (adv) var-liga
scarcely, hardly (adv) trauðla
scarcely; scantily; but little (adv) vart
scarecrow (m) trémaðr
scatter, spread; sprinkle; dreifask - be spread out (v) dreifa (ð)
scion, son, kinsman, kinsman through marriage (m) niðr
scoff at; revile; bark; geyja á - abuse; geymðr - safe (v) geyja
sconce-horn (n) vítis-horn
scorched, pinched, chafing (adj) skarpr
scorn (n) haad (‡)
Scotland (place name) (n) Skotland
Scottish Skozkr
scouting, spying, looking out; news (f) njósn
scrape, shave; allot (lit scrape off for you) (v) skafa
scrape; plough, scratch (v) erja
scrape; skrapæ af - erase (v) skrapæ (ath) (‡)
scratch (v) klóra
scratch, cut; write; cut runes (v) ríta
scratch, plough; scrape (v) erja
scream (v) gala
scream, shout; cry, cry out (v) œpa (t)
scream, yell; bellow; twang (of a bowstring) (v) gjalla
scream; cry (v) hlakka
screamer, yeller gellir
screaming (m) jarmr
scroll; rope, cable (ship/sailing term); bowstring (m) strengr
sea harr
sea (m) sær
sea (m) sand-himinn
sea (m) víðir
sea (n) ver
sea, inlet of the sea; lake sær (sævar)
sea, 'stall of the seagull' (m) mástallr
sea, the high sea; vestr um haf - westwards over the sea (n) haf
sea, water logr
sea; fyrir ofan sjó - above the waterline (m) sjór
sea; horse, steed (m) marr
sea; Óðins æ - poetry, poem (m) ægir
sea; wave; bay, creek (m) vágr
sea-bird; swan (m) svanr
sea-captain, 'Oðin of the chariot (of the sea)' (m) ræið-Wiðurr (‡)
seafarer, seaman, sailor, merchant, trader (m) farmaðr
seafarers, Vikings (m pl) flotnar
seagull, gull; mew (m) már, mór
seal (a variety of); brimills vǫllr - sea (the seal's field) (m) brimill
seaman, seafarer, sailor, merchant, trader (m) farmaðr
search (v) kann
search for, seek; find; see; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) leita (að)
search, explore, find out about; kannask við - recognize (v) kanna (að)
search, peer, investigate (v) nýsa (t)
season (bad season); dearth (n) ó-áran
season (good season); year (n) ár
season (m) árangr
season (of about six months) (n) misseri
season, harvest (f) árferð
season, period of time; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
seat (n) sæti
seat of honor, throne, high-seat (n) hásæti
seat, room in which one sits, raised wooden floor along the walls of a hall; residence(s) (pl) set
seat; room, space; bed (n) rúm
seat; set; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
sea-tossed, driven off one's course; verða sæhafa - be drive off one's course (adj) sæhafa
second, next; another, other; one (of two) (adj pron) annarr
secrecy (f); á laun - secretly (adv) laun
secret door (f pl) laun-dyrr
secret writing, secret wisdom; rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret, mystery (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) rún
secret, mystery; rune, a letter in the runic futhark; secret wisdom, secret writing (f); mysteries, charms (f pl) rún
secure, safe, trusty (adj) ør-uggr
see, gaze; know of; perceive, understand; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) sjá
see; know; be aware of; understand; be certain of; know how (to); know of; find out; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up (v) vita
see; look; seem; regard; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) líta
see; seek, search for; find; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) leita (að)
see; think, believe; give heed to; observe; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
seed; corn; grain (n) korn
seeing that; though, even if (adv) þótt, þó at
seek, search for; find; see; try to go, go; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) leita (að)
seem, appear to be; show; exist (v) sýna (d)
seem, be thought; think (seem to one); þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk- seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) þykkja (þótti)
seem; look; see; regard; take into consideration; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) líta
seeress, prophetess; witch, sorceress, soothsayer (f) vǫlva, völva
seize, take, capture, catch; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
seize; capture (v) handtaka
seize; lay hands on (v) hǫndla
seldom; sjaldnar - more seldom (adv) sjaldan
self (him-, her-, it-self; them-selves; one-self) sik
self; him-, her-, it-self; themselves (adj pron) sjálfr
self-assertive, noisy (adj) hávaðamikill
self-judgment (m) sjálf-dœmi
sell; give; hand over to another (v) selja, sæliæ
send (from one's house); loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
send (v) senda (d)
sending away, dismissal (f) brottvaðning
sense, intelligence, wit, wits, understanding (n) vit
sensible, wise (adj) horskr
sent; made, built; done; ready; done for, finished off (adj) gǫrr (van)
separate, divide, part, part company, disband; understand; perceive; skilja á - stipulate; skilja við - part from; skilja frá - exempt from; skilja fyr - make known to, proclaim to; skiljask við - part from, forsake; þá skilr á um - they fall out over, differ, disagree about (v) skilja (ð, d)
separated fráskila
serpent (m) naðr (rs)
serpent tongue ormstunga
serpent, snake, worm; eitr ormr - poisonous serpent (m) ormr
servant (m) thiænist-mæn (‡)
servant (m) þjónustu-maðr
servant, page (m) skó-sveinn
servant, retainer; farmhand; king's man (m) húskarl
servant; boy, lad; page (m) sveinn
servant; freeman; subject; a good man (m) þegn
serve (v) þjóna (að)
serve with drink (v) skenkja
serve; follow, accompany; help, give help to; side with; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
service (f) thiænist (‡)
service, employment; food; food and lodging, provisions; stay; abode; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) vist
service; skulu þér til reiðu - will be at your service (f) reiða
serving-woman groðkona
serving-woman (f) grið-kona
set (in a course), direct; set; seat; place, put; make; set up; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
set a price; evaluate, estimate, value (v) meta
set one's feet upon, tread; spurn; sporna við - resist (v) sporna (að)
set up (booth or tent), pitch a tent (v) tjalda
set up, raise; láta reisa stein - have a stone raised (v) reisa (t)
set up; set; seat; place, put; make; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
set, place; equip; provide; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
set, put, place; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
set; equip; provide; set, place; arrange, array; man, occupy; draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; crowd, throng; skipa til - make arrangements, prepare for, undergo a change, make a change; be arranged, drawn up; skipask umhverrvis húsin - surround the house (v) skipa (að)
set; seat; place, put; make; set up; set (in a course), direct; establish; endow; hurl; adorn; setja til ríkis - put in power; setja á - hurl at; setja bú saman - establish a farm; setja upp - set, stand up; setja upp skip - beach a ship (ship/sailing term); setja við - prepare; setjask - seat oneself, sit; setjask upp - sit up (v) setja
settle, fix; stop (v) steðja
settle; dwell; build; inhabit; byggias firir - settle in (v) byggja (gð)
settle; occupy, inhabit (v) byggva
settlement, lit land-taking (n) landnám
settlement, reconciliation; settlement of suits; atonement, agreement; at sætt - as atonement (f) sætt
settler, lit land-take-man (the term refers to both women and men) (m) landnámamaðr, landnámsmaðr
seven (num) sjau
seven hundred thirty (num) sjau hundruð ok þrír tigir
seventeen (num) sjau-tján
seventy (num) sjau tigir
severe (adj) stríðr
severe, hard (adj) snarpr
severe, hard; firm, fast; continuous (adj) fastr
severe, harsh; stiff, rigid (adj) stirðr
severe, sharp; hard, difficult (adj) harðr
severe, violent (adj) allharðr
sew (v) sauma (að)
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
shackle, fetter (m) fjǫturr, fjóturr
shadow of night; mask (f) gríma
shaft of cart, handle; á hávu skapti - on a long shaft; (n) skapt
shaft, spear (for throwing), pike, dart; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) fleinn
shaggy cloak (m) rǫggvar-feldr
shaggy hair lodinkinni
shaggy-breeches (nickname) (f) loðbrók
shaggy-hair (f) lúfa
shake (v) hrista (t)
shake (v) skaka
shake, go rocking (adv) skykkjum
shake, toss (v) dyja (dúði)
shake, tremble (v) skjálfa
shake, tremble, quake, move, be moved; march (v) bifask (ð, að)
shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate), must; should; ought (v) skulu
shall, will; be sure to; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) munu
shallow water (n) grunn-sævi
shame skam
shame (f) hneykja
shame (f) skǫmm
shame, disgrace (m) skami (‡)
shame, harm (m) vansi
shamed (n) neiss
shameful ámælissamr
shameful deed(s) (n) niðings-verk
shameful, wretched, bitter, harsh (adj) herfiligr
shape by rubbing, rub (v) má (ð)
shape, appearance; help, aid, protection; inspection (f) ásjá
shape, form; body (n) líki
shape, form; size, stature, growth (m) vǫxtr, vöxtr
shape, skin; abode (m) hamr
shape; divide; share; change; amount to; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) skipta
shape; feather-coat, feather skin, coat (m) fjaðrhamr
shape; form (f) mynd
share, hand out; distribute; mediate; make a compromise; miðla mál - make a compromise; miðla við - share with (v) miðla
share; divide; change; amount to; shape; exchange; decide; have dealings in; decide (course of events); engu þá skipta - was no business of theirs; amount to; þat skipti mǫrgum dœgrum - this lasted many days; ef því er at skipta - if it comes to that; skipta sér af - concern oneself with; assign (v) skipta
sharing of booty (n) hlut-skipti
sharp, keen; prickly (adj) hvass
sharp, severe; hard, difficult (adj) harðr
sharpen, whet; encourage (v) hvetja
sharpen; hvessa augun á - look keenly at, glare at (v) hvessa
sharply, with energy (adv) snarp-liga
sharply; hard hart
shave, rake (v) rakæ (aþ) (‡)
shave, scrape; allot (lit scrape off for you) (v) skafa
shaving, chip; spoon (m) spánn
she (pron) hon
shear, cut; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve; slaughter; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) skera
sheath, cover (f) hulða
sheath, scabbard (f pl) slíðir, slíðrar
shed, make flow (v) ūt-glūta (‡)
shed; hall, main hall, sleeping-hall (m) skáli
sheep (f) faar
sheep (m) sauðr
sheep (n) smali
sheep pen, sheep-fold (n) sauðahús
sheep; cattle; wealth, money; possessions (n)
sheepfold (f) kví
sheep-lacking; er sauð-vant - sheep are missing (adj) sauð-vant
sheep's stomach (f) sauðar-vǫmb
sheet, corner of the sail (ship/sailing term); hem, border, end of cloak; láta skaut horfa á land - sail along the coast (n) skaut
she-goat (f) geit
shell (f) skel
shelter, protect; show mercy (v) hlifa, hlifá
shelter; shield; cover, protection (f) hlíf
shepherd (m) sauða-maðr
shepherd hut; shieling (a hut used in the mountains by shepherds; mountain pasture used for the grazing of cattle in summer) (n) sel
shepherd, herdsman (m) smala-maðr
she-wolf (f) ylgr
shield (m) skjǫldr, skjöldr
shield rim, edge (m) þrǫmr
shield tail, lower pointed end of a shield; tail (m) sporðr
shield wall, protection (f) skjald-borg
shield, 'field of spear-points' (m) brodd-flǫtr
shield, 'spear field' (m) geir-vangr
shield; cover, protection; shelter (f) hlíf
shield; rim (f) rǫnd
shields in a row on the bulwarks of a ship, 'fortress of the snow-skate (of the sea)' (m) skið-garðr
shilling, i.e., piece of money; money (m pl) skillingr
shine (v) ljóma (að)
shine, glow, glitter (v) glóa
shine; flash, gleam, emit rays (v) skína
shining, white (adj) hvítr
ship, boat skip
ship, perhaps a small shuttle or ferry fley
ship (cargo ship); merchant vessel, ocean-going trader (m) knörr (knarrar)
ship (poetic) (m) kjóll
ship (small ship); ash, ash tree; ash spear; the great ash tree Yggdrasill (m) askr
ship, boat (n) skip
ship; beam, timber, pole áss
ship; coastal trader byrding
ship; fast coastal rowing ship; a middle-sized cargo and troop ship (m) karfi
ship, fishing or trading ferja
ship; longship, warship (f) drakkar
ship; ocean-going warship skeið
ship; small warship snekke
ship; naval forces leiðangr
ship; oak; tree (f) eik
ship, with four oars færing
ship, with three pairs of oars, six rowers sexæringr, seksring, trerøring
ship, with four pairs of oars, eight rowers firkeiping
ship, with five pairs of oars, ten rowers plus a helmsman (f) femkeiping
ship, '(nail-)studded' knattarbarki
ship; 'steed of the sea' (m) gjálfrmarr
ship's boat (m) bátr
ship's equipment (ship/sailing term); harness, trappings; rigging, tackle (m and n) reiði
shipwreck (ship/sailing term) (n) skipsbrot
shirt (m) serkr
shoal; gravelly riverbank; sandbank; spit, small spit of land running into the sea (f) eyrr
shoe (m) skór
shoot; let something fly; hurl (v) fleygja (gð)
shoot; throw; hop; launch (boat); roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) skjóta
shooting, shot; missiles (n) skot
shore (f) strand (‡)
shore raid, piracy; høgva strandhögg - engage in piracy (n) strandhögg
shore, beach; sand (m) sandr
shore, ebb-tide, fore-shore, beach; at fjǫru sjávar - at low tide (f) fjara
shore, land (f) fit
shore; coast; beach; strand; border; edge (f) strǫnd, strönd
short distance or time, not far (place) (adv) skammt, skamt
short lay; men (body of men) (m) flokkr
short story, tale, 'strand' of rope or yarn (m) þáttr
short winter days (n) skamm-degi
short, stocky man (nickname) (m) körtr
short; brief; fyrir skǫmmu - a short time ago (adj) skammr
shorter; lengr eða skemmr - for a long or short while (adv) skemmr
shortly, soon (adv) bráðum
short-sword; knife (n) sax
shot, shooting; missiles (n) skot
should; must, shall (obligation, purpose, necessity, fate); ought (v) skulu
shoulder bœgr
shoulder (f) öxl
shoulder, shoulder of an animal (m) bógr
shoulders, upper part of back (f pl) herðar
shout, scream; cry, cry out (v) œpa (t)
shove, push; drive, drift; ratt af sér - threw off (v) hrinda
shovel, spade (m) spaði
show (v) visa
show mercy; protect, shelter (v) hlifa, hlifá
show respect or mercy to (v) þyrma (d)
show; appear to be, seem; exist (v) sýna (d)
shower (f) skúr
shower of missiles (f) skot-hríð
shower, passing storm; hailstorm (n) él
shower, pour; din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz (v) dynja
shroud (ship/sailing term) höfuðbenda, hofurbendur
shut the eyes, doze (v) blunda
shut up, lock (v) læsa
shut; close; finish, end; use up; lúka aptr - close; lúka fyrir sér, lúka upp - open; skal yfir lúka með oss - our dealings shall now be ended; áðr lúki - before the case is ended; lauk - it has been ended (v) lúka
shutter (n) speld
shy (adj) skjarr
shy (adj) styggr
sibling (of the same mother) (adj) sammœðr
sibyl, prophetess (f) spá-kona
sibyl, prophetess (f) vísinda-kona
sickness (f) kvilla
sickness (n) sóttar-far
sickness, illness (f) sótt
side (f) síða
side of a ship; board, strake, hull, plank; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð
side with; follow, accompany; help, give help to; be attached to, belong to; attend to, be a quality of; hold together; serve; appertain to (v) fylgja (gð)
side(s); strength; might, power, ability; supernatural strength (n) megin
side, part; hand, arm and hand; taka í hǫnd - take on by the hand; selja í hǫnd - put into one's hand, hand over to; til handa - for one to possess or marry; í hendr - into one's possession; Guði á hendi - into God's keeping; báðum hǫndum - with open arms; í hǫnd - at once, continuously; undir hendi sér - (hidden) under his arm-pit; á báðar hændr, til beggja handa - right and left; pinnar handar - on your part; hvárratveggju handar - for both parties; á hendr, í hendr - against; af hendi - on behalf of (f) hǫnd, hönd
side; mountain-side, hill-side; slope (f) hlið
side; road, way; journey; glory, honor; direction; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
sidelong glance, wink augabragð
Sif, a goddess, the wife of Thor (f) Sif
Sigfather, 'Victory-father', a name for Óðinn (m) Sigfaðir
sight; vision (f) sýn, syn
Sighvat (personal name); Sighvatr inn rauðr - Sighvat the Red (m) Sighvatr
sign, token; lítit mark at - of little account (m) mark
sign; boundary; banner, standard; token, mark; sample; mikit merkjum - extensive, of wide expanse (n) merki
signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
signify, mean (v) tákna
signify, mean; mark, draw; fix; mark as one's property; mark with an emblem; heed, mind; infer; þar eptir mátt þú marka fergrð hans - accordingly, you can judge his beauty (v) marka
signify; win over; explain, interpret, interpret as; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) þýða (dd)
signtoken (n) tēkn (‡)
Sigurd (personal name); Sigurðr slefa - Sigurd the Slobberer (m) Sigurðr
Sigurtharson (personal name) Sighurþarsun
silence (f) þǫgn
silence in return, reciprocated silence endrþaga
silence, hearing (n) hljóð
silent (adj) þagall
silent (adj) þǫgull
silent, quiet (adj) hljóðr
silent, reserved, taciturn (adj) fálátr
silk (n) silki
silken jacket (f) silkitreya
silver (n) silfr
similar to; like, resembling; probable; promising; likely; corresponding to, in accordance with (adj) líkr, glíkr
similar, such thō-līkr (‡)
since; there; although; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) þar
singing; song; clash, clang (m) sǫngr
sink (ship/sailing term), yield (v) siga (að)
sink (v) søkkva
sink gently down; glide, move slowly; yield (v) síga
sink; fall gently; (ppart.) open; hniginn í aldr - elderly, advanced in years (v) hníga
sinless (adj) meinlauss
sip, drink; take a sip (v) súpa
Sirek's Farmstead Síreksstaðir
sister and brother (n pl) systkin
sister; jǫtna systir - giantess (f) systir
sister; nipt Nara - Hel (f) nipt
sit cowering (v) hnúka
sit; stay, remain; reside; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) sitja
sitting room; stove room, a room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskáli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held (f) stofa
situated; placed, present; staying; staddr við - present staddr
six (num) sex
sixteen (num) sex-tán
sixteenth (ord num) sex-tándi
sixth (ordinal num) sétti
sixty (num) sex tigir, sex-tighi (‡)
size, stature, growth; shape, form (m) vǫxtr, vöxtr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
Skafith (personal name) Skáfiðr
skald, poet (n) skáld, skald
Skalla-Grim (personal name), Bald-Grim (m) Skallagrímr
Skåne, Denmark (place name), now part of Sweden (f) Skáney
Skeggi of Midfjord (personal name) (m) Miðfjarðr-Skeggi
Skeggi of Skutad (personal name) (m) Skútaðar-Skeggi
skerry, isolated rock sticking out to sea; rock (n) sker
ski, glide, slide (on skis), crawl (v) skríða
ski; snow-skate; stick; wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) skíð
skiing goddess, goddess of the skis (f) ǫndur-dis
skill, ability, prowess; boldness, fearlessness, courage, doughtiness (m) dugr
skilled in arms; capable of bearing arms (adj) vápn-fœrr
skilled in magic (adj) fjölkunnigr
skilled in the law lǫgkœnn
skilled, handy (adj) hagr
skilled, handy (adj) hagr
skillful; docile, affable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; suitable, expedient; agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
skillfully, neatly, adeptly (adv) hagliga
skin (v) flá
skin of animals taken off whole, pelt, skin-bag, bellows, bag (m) belgr
skin, hide, fur (n) skinn
skin, hide, fur (n) skinn
skin, shape; abode (m) hamr
skin; flay; strip (of clothes and of money) (v) flá
skin-bag (f) hít
skin-changing witch (f) ham-hleypa
skin-covered canoe (m) huð-keipr
skinner (nickname) (m) skinni
skin-purse (m) skjóðu-pungr
skirt chaser kuensami
Skirvir (personal name) Skirvir
Skofnung, possible Shin Bone, the name of King Hrolf's sword (m) Sköfnungr (also Sköflungr)
Skoll, the wolf that pursues the sun (m) Skoll
Skuld (personal name, mythological), Debt, 'that which should become', norn (name of a norn); valkyrie (name of a valkyrie) Skuld
Skuld, Debt, that which should become, one of the three Norns) (f) Skuld
skull (m) hauss
skull (m) hǫuss (‡)
sky, air; heavens; aloft; upper room; í lopt - into the heavens; á lopt(i) - up; in(to) the air, aloft; taka spjót á lopti - catch a spear as it flies (n) lopt
sky, heaven (m) himinn
sky, horizon or precinct of heaven, rim of heaven himinioðurr
slain as prey (n) val-tafn
slain, corpses on the battlefield (m) valr
slander (v) níða
slander, calumny (n) illmæli
slander, contention (n) róg
slander, words of envy (n pl) öfundarorð
slap (v) sletta
slaughter (v) slátra (að)
slaughter; cut, shear; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve; skera upp - dispatch; skerask undan - draw back from (v) skera
slaughter; loss of life (n) mann-fall
slave, thrall (m) þræll
slay, fell; fella heitstrengingar á sik - draw down on one a curse for the breaking of an oath (v) fella
slay, kill; fight; smite; lift; vegask - fight (v) vega
slay, kill; strike, smite; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) drepa
slayer of one's father (m) fathær-banæ (‡)
slayer, killer, executioner (m) banamaðr
slayer; bane, cause of death; death (m) bani
sleep (m) svefn
sleep, drowsiness hǫfgi
sleep, lodge; lie (down); lie ill; be situated; be in a certain place; lie low, be slain; lie at anchor (ship/sailing term); lead, go (of road); sú's mest of lá - which flowed mightily on; liggja eptir - remain behind; liggja í - let sink in; liggja til - be fitting; be due to; belong to; liggja um - lie coiled around; liggja við - be at stake; depend on; ligr við - one is on the verge of (v) liggja
sleep, rest, lie (v) hvíla (ð, d)
sleep; sofa at ótt - sleep through the night (v) sofa
sleeping-hall, hall, main hall; shed (m) skáli
sleeping-room (n) svefnhús
sleeve (f) ermr
Sleipnir, Odin's horse (m) Sleipnir
slender (adj) grannr
slender, slim (adj) grannligr
slice, cutting; trench; flensing of a whale (m) skurðr
slice; taunt; sneer at; glance off (v) sneiða (dd)
slight, faint; dying neppr
slightly, a little (adv) hóti
slim, slender (adj) grannligr
slip (v) skreppa
slip; escape, slip away; fail, slip up (v) sleppa
slobber, saliva, slobberer (as nickname) (f) slefa
slobberer (as nickname), saliva, slobber (f) slefa
slope, hillside brekka
slope; side; mountain-side, hill-side (f) hlið
sloping, leaning; hill-side; hallr í göngu - stooped, walking with a stoop (n) hallr
slow (adj) tómr
slow in action or wit (adj); þœfa - to walk clumsily (v) thøft, thōft (‡)
slow, stop (v) dvelja
slow; tedious; late (adj) seinn
slowly (adv) tómliga
slowly; coldly (adv) seint
slowpoke dragi
small hill (m) bæsingær (‡)
small, little (adj) smár
small, low (adj) lágr
smaller (adj) mindri
smile; laugh (v) hlæja
smite, strike, beat, beat; berjask - fight (v) berja (barði, bariðr)
smite, strike; kill, slay; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) drepa
smite; kill, slay; fight; lift; vegask - fight (v) vega
smite; maim; break; strike; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) lemja
smith; builder; artificer (m) smiðr
smithy (f) smiðja
Smjorvatnsheid (place name), Butter-Lake Heath (f) Smjörvatnsheiðr
smoke (m) reykr
smoke, reek (m) eimi
smoke, reek; go flying, tumble (v) rjúka
smoke, vapor (f) gufa
smooth, brush; stroke, rub, wipe; caress (v) strjúka
smooth, even out, tidy, trim; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) jafna (að)
snacking time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 3:00 p.m.; afternoon (f) eykt
snake gargan
snake, serpent, worm; eitr ormr - poisonous serpent (m) ormr
Snake-in-the-Eye (nickname) (n) ormr-í-auga
snap; spring, burst, leap; spring asunder; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva
snatch, pick up; pull, jerk; rend (v) kippa (ð, t)
sneer at; taunt; slice; glance off (v) sneiða (dd)
snore; roll, fly, spring (v) hrjóta
Snorri's daughter Snorradóttir
snort (v) fnasa
snorting, blowing out (f) fnǫsun
snot hrodi
snow (m) snær, snjár, snjór
snow (m) snjár, snjór, snær
snow (v) snjófa
snow-skate; ski; stick; wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) skíð
so notably, so manfully jafn-skǫruliga
so, thus sō (‡)
so, thus, in this way; also; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) svá
soaked, wet; soft (adj) blautr
soaring, flitting (f) sveimun
sock, stocking; einir sokkar - pair of socks (m) sokkr
soft; soaked, wet (adj) blautr
soft; soaked, wet (adj) blautr
soil, ground; earth, world; land (f) jörð, jǫrð
soil; dirt, mold, earth (as substance) (f) mold
Soknadale (place name) (m) Sóknadalr
soldier (garrisoned soldier); townsman (m) borgarmaðr
sole ruler (m) einvaldskonungr
sole ruler, monarch, sovereign (m) einvaldi
solemn vow (f) heir-strenging
some (adj pron) sumr
some, a certain one, any; einn hverr - each, each one; any one (of several); einnhvern dag - one day (adj pron) einnhverr
some, something, a certain one (adj pron) eittsvat
something new (n) ný-næmi
something, some, a certain one (adj pron) eittsvat
sometimes, at times (conj) stundum
somewhat, in any way (adv) nǫkkut, nǫkkuru
son (m) burr
son (m) sonr
son of a chief (m) hǫfðingja-sonr
son of a yeoman, son of a bóndi, farmer's son (m) bóndason
son of one's sister (m) systur-son
son, kinsman, scion, kinsman through marriage (m) niðr
son; boy, young man; man; (m); kindred (m pl) mögr, mǫgr
song for attracting spirits (f pl) varði-lokur
song of fate, prophecy (f) spá
song; singing; clash, clang (m) sǫngr
son-in-law; brother-in-law; relative by marriage; father-in-law (m) mágr
son's son; grandson (m) sonar-son, sonarsonr
soon, early (adv) snim-hendis
soon, shortly (adv) bráðum
soon, speedily (adv) fljótliga
soon, suddenly; brátt er - as soon as (adv) brátt
sooner, previously (adv) fyrri
soothsayer, witch, sorceress; prophetess, seeress (f) vǫlva, völva
sorceress, witch, soothsayer; prophetess, seeress (f) vǫlva, völva
sorcery, magic, black art (f) fjölkyngi
sore, boil (n) kaun
sore, painful; wounded (adj) sárr
sore; bitter, acrid; angry, exasperated; painful (adj) beiskr
sore; ill (adj) van-mátta
sorrow, grief (m) angr
sorrow, grief (m) harmr
sorrow, grief, misfortune (n) bǫl, böl
sorrow; be disheartened; weep (v) syrgja (ð)
sorrow; sút leiðar þvengs - winter, 'serpent's sorrow' (f) sút
sorrowful; filled harmfullr
Sotaness (place name) (n) Sótanes
soul (f) sál, sála
sound (crashing sound) hlǫm
sound, safe; hale; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
sound, strait (n) sund
sound; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
sour whey (f) sýra
South Suðri
south (f) suðr-æt
South Rogalanders (m pl) Suðr-Rygirnir
south; southwards (adv) suðr
south-east (n) land-suðr
southern, from the south; fyrir sunnan land - in the south of the land; sunnan af landi - from the south of the land (adv) sunnan
southern; from the south (adv) suðrœn
southerner; German; Saxon (m) suðr-maðr
southernmost, farthest south (adj) sunnarstr (‡)
Southlands, Germany (n pl) Suðrlönd
southwards; down, from above; ofan á, ofan til - down (from above) to; ofan um knappinn - around the staff just below the knob; saar owan ā saar (‡) - wound upon wound; þar á ofan - in addition (adv); ofan
Southwark (place name) (m) Súðvirki
south-west (n) út-suðr
south-west wind (m) út-synningr
sovereign ruler (m) allvaldr
sovereign, sole ruler, monarch (m) einvaldi
sow (v)
space (mighty space), abyss, void ginnung
space between fingers or talons (n) greip
space, room; seat; bed (n) rúm
spade, shovel (m) spaði
span, clasp; spenna sik - gird oneself with (v) spenna (t)
span's length (adj) spannar-langr
spar (tacking spar), sailyard (ship/sailing term) beitiáss
spar for bracing sail lík-sproti
spare; spara við - grudge, deny; sparask til - spare oneself for (v) spara (ð, að)
sparrow (m) spörr
speak ill of, blame (v) lasta
speak of, mention; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; guess, think, suppose; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
speak, converse, discuss (v) rœða
speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
speak, say; tell, tell of; relate; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) segja (sagða)
speak, talk; discuss, converse; tala við - talk with (v) tala (að)
speak; mæla eptir - take up the prosecution for the slaying of _____ ; mæla í gregn - oppose; mæla í lǫgum - declare as law; mæla til - express a wish for, ask for; mæla við - speak to or with; mælask undan - beg to be spared (v) mæla (t)
speak; rœða um - speak about, discuss (v) rœða (dd)
speaker on one's behalf, supporter, advocate formælandi
spear (for throwing), pike, dart, shaft; fluke of an anchor (ship/sailing term) (m) fleinn
spear (m) darraðr
spear throwing; throwing of spears (f) flein-drífa
spear, lance (n) spjót
spear; point of anvil (m) geirr
spears (n pl) spjǫr
speck, spot (m) flekkr
speech, talk; account (n) tala
speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
speech; word; conversation; message; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say(n) orð
speed, swiftness (n) skjót-fœri
speedily, soon (adv) fljótliga
spell, enchantment (m) seiðr
spell, words, tiding (n); tale (pl) spiall
spend; waste; do away with, destroy; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) eyða (dd)
spent; for sale (adj) falr
spike (m) mann-broddr
spike, point of the spear (m) broddr
spin (v) spinna
spirit, breath (m) andi
spirit, creature, being; supernatural being (f) vættr
spirit, soul; life; breath (f) ǫnd, önd
spirit; contest, competition; ardor, courage kapp
spirit; hardihood (m) krellr
spirits (f pl); natural ability; nature, characteristic quality, property (f) náttúra
spiritsoul, life; breath (f) ǫnd, önd
spit, small spit of land running into the sea; gravelly riverbank; sandbank; shoal (f) eyrr
splash against, roar (v) gnyja
splendid; proud (adj) prúðr
splendidly allvegliga
splint, sail pin (later luff) (ship/sailing term) úfr
split (up), cleave (v) kljúfa
split, be cloven (v) klofna (að)
split, make spring apart; spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout (v) spretta
spoiler; spillir bauga - spoiler of rigs, generous prince (m) spillr
spoils taken from the slain (f pl) wal-rauvaR (‡)
spoken too much full-mælt
spoon (brass spoon) (m) mersin-spónn, mersingar-spón
spoon; chip, shaving (m) spánn
sport, game, contest, play; Hildar leikr - battle; hvat leika er - what is going on (m) leikr
sport, play; move to and fro; be current; leika sér - play; leika við - play against (v) leika
spot, place; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
spot, speck (m) flekkr
spread, scatter; sprinkle; dreifask - be spread out (v) dreifa (ð)
spread, strew (v) strá, stráa
spread; stretch; display (v) breiða
spring (n) vár
spring assembly (n) varþing
spring up, burst forth; start, spring; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) spretta
spring, burst, leap; spring asunder; snap; drive; be sprinkled; støkkva útan - spring back (v) støkkva
spring, fountain (f) kelda, kiælda
spring, jump; issue forth; burst; die from overexertion or grief (v) springa
spring, leap; run; climb; fall down on; mount; hlaupa á - trample on; hlaupa at - leap at, assault; hlaupa undan - run away, flee (v) hlaupa
spring, roll, fly; snore (v) hrjóta
spring, start; spring up, burst forth; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) spretta
spring; well; burn (m) brunnr
sprinkle; pour; ladle; water; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) ausa
sprinkle; spread, scatter; dreifask - be spread out (v) dreifa (ð)
sprout; spring up, burst forth; start, spring; make spring apart, split (v) spretta
spurn; tread, set one's feet upon; sporna við - resist (v) sporna (að)
spy, look skoða (að)
spy, peer (v) skyggna (d)
spying, scouting, looking out; news (f) njósn
squeeze, twist, wring; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) vinda
squirrel (m) í korni
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
stab or pierce from all sides; rest; support; provide with supports; use as a support; styðjask við - lean upon (v) styðja (dd), studdi
stab, thrust (v) stinga
stab, thrust, throw; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction; (v) leggja
stab, thrust; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
staff (magic staff) or spirit gandr
staff, goad; beam of light (m) geisl
staff, pole, standard-pole (f) stǫng, stöng
stag, hart (m) hjörtr
stain, color (v) stēna (t) (‡)
stain, wet (to wet) (v) væta (tt)
stake of scorn (on which was placed a mutilated mare's head, as part of a curse) (f) nið-stǫng
stake, risk, venture; cease (v) hætta
stake; pole-ladder (m) kraki
stall; perch (for hawks); pedestal (m) stallr
stallion, horse (m) hestr
stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
stand in ranks; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
stand motionless, hover; remain silent þruma (ð)
stand; staa atir - remain (v) staa (‡)
standard-pole(f) merkis-stǫng
standard-pole, pole, staff (f) stǫng, stöng
standing firm støðr (‡)
stanza, verse (f) vísa
star (f) stiarna
star (f) stjarna
starboard side (m) stjórn-borði
start, spring; spring up, burst forth; sprout; make spring apart, split (v) spretta
startled (adj) bilt
starvation (f) seyra
starve, suffer hunger; die (of starvation); svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (v) svelta
starving, hungry (adj) soltinn
state, condition, affairs, character; means; advantage; þér mun hagr á vera - will be well for you (m) hagr
state, condition; reason; material (n) efni
statement (favorable statement), esteem, warm regard líknstafr
stature, size, growth; shape, form (m) vǫxtr, vöxtr
staunch, well-prepared, well-knit (adj) harðsnúinn
stay (ship/sailing term) stag
stay, dwell, abide, live at; enjoy, be happy in, be contented with a thing; una illa (or við) - be ill-pleased with; un ðu þeir lítla hríð - they did not like staying there but for a little while (v) una
stay, remain; sit; reside; sitja fyrir - sit by, be at hand; á sér sitja - control oneself, be quiet; sitja við - sit beside or at; sitja yfir matborði (or borðum) - sit at table, sit at a meal (v) sitja
stay, remain; stand (firm); stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
stay; be delayed (v) dveljask (dvalðisk)
stay; be; last; be done; happen; vera fyrir - lead; vera þar fyrir - be there present; vera við - be present, take part in; þat var þá, er… - it happened, when ...; sem þú ert - such as you are; hvat min rað eru - what my counsels are worth; þau hafa upphof verit - these were the beginnings (v) vera, vesa, waræ (‡), vara (‡), væræ (‡)
stay; food; food and lodging, provisions; abode; employment, service; vera á vist með - stay with one (f) vist
stay-at-home (m) heimdragi
staying; placed, present; situated; staddr við - present staddr
stead, parcel of land; place, spot; abode, dwelling; part; way, respect; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
steal, rob, rob one of (v) stela
steed (m) goti
steed, horse; sea (m) marr
steed; Gjalpar skær - wolf, 'horse of Gjalp' skær
steel; steeled weapon (n) stál
steep (adj) brattr
steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
Stein (place name) Stone (m) Steinn
Steinbjorn, Stone-Bear (personal name) (m) Steinbjörn
stem of a ship, usually the prow; stern; með stǫfnum - from stem to stern (ship/sailing term) (m) stafn
stem of wood, pole; troða marglóðar - lady troða
stengthening (f) styrkilse (‡)
step (as measure), foot; pace (n) fet
step quickly, twist (v) snara
step, foothold; track, trail, footprint; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) spor
step, walk; tread; stíga á hest - mount a horse; stífa af hesti, stíga af baki - dismount a horse; stíga storum - take long steps; stíga fram - step forward; stíga í - step on or into; stíga upp á stokk ǫðrum fœti - set one foot up on the planking-beam (v) stíga
step; proceed in, begin to (v) feta
step; raised platform along the side(s) of a hall (m) pallr
stepper, strider, pacer (name for a horse) (n) feti
stern (high decked part of stern); poop-deck (f) (ship/sailing term) lypting
stern; stem of a ship, usually the prow; með stǫfnum - from stem to stern (ship/sailing term) (m) stafn
steward (m) ármaðr
stick of wood (f) stikkæ
stick, wooden staff; pole, timber; crozier (m) stafr
stick; ski; snow-skate; wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) skíð
stick; stand (firm); stay, remain; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
stick-gazer, miser (nickname) (m) stikubligr
stiff, rigid; harsh, severe (adj) stirðr
stiff, unbending, strong (adj) stinnr
still eðr
still; also; yet; further; again; moreover; even (adv) enn
stinginess (m) hodd-dofi
stingy, thin nose mjonefr
stinkfart meinfretr
stipulate; say, tell; segja frá - tell of, relate; segja til - inform on; give information of; segja til sin - tell one's name; segja upp - declare, pronounce; segisk þar vílja vera - he says he wishes to stay there (v) segja
stipulation, condition; preamble, foreward, preface; formula; charm (m) formáli
stir, move (v) bragða (að)
stir, move (v) hreyfa
stir, move (v) hrœra (ð)
stirrup (n) stig-ræip (‡)
stocking, sock; einir sokkar - pair of socks (m) sokkr
stomach magi
stone ([poetic] precious stone), jewel; stone, rock; cave or stone dwelling (m) steinn
stone (memorial stone) bautarsteinn
stone implements (n) stein-smíði
stone, rock, boulder; cliff; crag; mountain (n) bjarg
stone, rock; cave or stone dwelling; [poetic] precious stone, jewel (m) steinn
stones (n) grjót
stony, rocky (adj) grýttr, gryttr
stool, chair; bishop's see; king's throne or residence (m) stóll, stōll (‡)
stop, cease; lift; léttir - a thing ceases or abates; áðr létti - before the end (v) létta
stop, halt (v) stǫðva
stop, rest; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
stop, slow (v) dvelja
stop; fix, settle (v) steðja
store, great number; multitude, plenty of (f) fjölð
storm (m) stormr
storm (passing storm), shower; hailstorm (n) él
storm and rain, storm (n) hregg
storm tree (m) él-þollr
storm, storm and rain (n) hregg
storm; time, while; attack, battle; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð
storm; weather; wind (n) veðr
story, tale; speech, talk; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
story; history; what is said, saga, legend; saga til - a story about (f) saga
stout of frame (adj) þrek-ligr
stout of heart (adj) þrek-mikill
stoutly (adv) harðfengiliga
stove room, a room in a long house, secondary to the eldaskáli and warmed by a stove of flat stones; served as a living room, where women worked the looms, families sat in the evenings, and feasts were held; sitting room (f) stofa
straight, right, correct; just, fair; unswerving; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) réttr
strained, thin, stretched (adj) þunnr
strait, sound (n) sund
strake, board, hull, plank; side of a ship; table; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) (ship/sailing term) borð
stranding of a whale (f) hvalkváma
strange thing; news (f) ný-lunda
strange, wondrous (adj) kyn-ligr
strange, wondrous (adj) undar-ligr
strangely, wondrously (adv) undar-liga
strapped fatlaþR (‡)
stratum, position, layer; stab, thrust; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
straw (m) hálmr
stream (mid.), flow; pour; sprinkle; ladle; water; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) ausa
stream, brook (m) lœkr
strengthen (v) størkla (t)
strength (full development of strength) (m) þroski
strength (m) kraptr
strength, fortitude (n) þrek
strength, might (f) orka
strength; assistance (m) styrkr
strength; might, power, ability; supernatural strength; side(s) (n) megin
strength; physical strength, might, power; rammr at afli - extremely strong (n) afl
strengthen; fasten; learn by heart; bite, take effect on; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) festa (t)
stretch out one's hand seilask (d)
stretch up or out, reach; raise; put right; atone for; rétta fram - stretch out; ríttisk upp - stood up to his full height (v) rétta (tt)
stretch; spread; display (v) breiða
stretched, thin, strained (adj) þunnr
strew, spread (v) strá, stráa
strider, stepper, pacer (name for a horse) (n) feti
strife; war, hostility (m) ó-friðr
strike (a blow); cut, chop, hack, hew; behead; slaughter; carve; hǫggva til - strike (at); hǫggva í - smite against or into, cleave (v) höggva, hǫggva
strike against, reach, touch; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; begin (with infin.); undertake; choose; accept, receive; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
strike down, fell (v) nidher-slā (‡)
strike, beat, smite, beat; berjask - fight (v) berja (barði, bariðr)
strike, smite; forge; mow, cut grass; slá hring - form a ring; slá beizli við (hest) - to bridle a horse; sló ótta yfir - fear fell upon him (v) slá
strike, smite; kill, slay; knock; drepa fœti - stumble (v) drepa
strike; ljósta í hel - strike dead (v) ljósta
strike; maim; break; smite; beat; lemja í sundr - break (v) lemja
striking distance, reach of the sword (n) hǫgg-fœri
string tight; fasten; swear solemnly; strengja heit - make a solemn vow (v) strengja (ð, d)
strip (of clothes and of money); flay; skin (v) flá
strip (v) fletta
strive hard; contend (v) þreyta (tt)
stroke, rub, wipe; caress; smooth, brush (v) strjúka
strong (adj) krǫptugr
strong (adj) rammligr
strong (adj) stark (‡), starkir (‡)
strong (adj) sterkr
strong in battle rōg-starkr (‡)
strong of heart; dauntless (adj) hraustligr
strong, mighty (adj) þróttigr
strong, powerful ǫflugr
strong, powerful; doughty (adj) þrúðugr
strong, stiff, unbending (adj) stinnr
strong; mighty, powerful; rammr at afli - extremely strong (adj) rammr
stronghold (n) virki
stronghold, castle, fortress; town; funeral pyre (f) borg
strongly (adv) sterkliga
strongly, fast, hard; firmly; certainly (adv) fast
struggle; exert oneself; press, urge on, compel, force; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) knyja, knýja
struggle; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
struggle; pull (f) svipting
stud (of horses) (n) stóð
stud-horse; mare (n) stóð-hross
stuff, cloth; mailcoat (n) skrúð
stumble, rush (v) rasa (að)
stupid, deaf-mute (adj) daufi
sturdy, vigorous, brave (adj) röskr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s sh sk st su t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
subdue, oppress (v) thwingæ (‡)
subject (m) undir-dāne (‡)
subject; freeman; a good man; servant (m) þegn
subject; track; conduct, deeds; condition (n) far
substantial, lasting, ample; verða drúgari - be of more avail; drjúgt manna - a good number of men (adj); drjúgjum - greatly (adv) drjúgr
succeed; listen to, hear; (impers.) be allowable; hlýðir - one endures (v) hlýða (dd)
success, fame, growth; advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability (m) frami
success; progress (f) framkvæmd
success; raising up (f) upp-reist
such (adj) slíkr
such (adj) því-líkr
such, similar thō-līkr (‡)
sudden, hasty, impatient; hot-tempered (adj) bráðr
suddenly (adv) skjótt
suddenly, soon; brátt er - as soon as (adv) brátt
suffer hunger; starve; die (of starvation); svelta hungri - starve, die of hunger (v) svelta
suffer on account of; pay; pay compensation; repay, requite; redeem; give; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for (v) gjalda
suffer, endure; tolerate (v) þola, þula (‡)
suffer, receive; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) fara
suffer, undergo; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
suffer; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
sufficient, enough (adj) œrinn
sufficiently (adv) nógu
sufficiently (adv) ýrit
sufficiently, overly, very; enough (adv) œrit
suffocate from smoke (v) svæla (d)
suit at the Thing (f) þing-deila
suitable; easy, convenient, possible; comfortable; expedient; docile, affable; skillful, agile; gentle, reasonable; hœgri - right, the right hand (comp) hœgr
suited for, be suitable for; mean, bode (v) gegna (d)
summer; um sumarit - in the summer; hvert sumar - every summer (m) sumar
summit, top; head (m) kollr
summon, call upon; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; threaten; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
summon, call, call together; go in a certain direction; turn to; advance; aim at (v)  stefna (d)
summon, draw; recover; claim; get back (v) heimta (t)
summon; speak, say, declare; utter; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
summoning-days, days assigned by law on which summoning was to be done (m pl) stefnu-dagr
summons; direction, course; meeting; appointment (f) stefna
summons; feast, festival; battle (n) bǫð, boð
sun (f) sól
sun (f) sunna
sun (m) rǫðull
sun tracking (following the course of the sun (adv) sólar-sinnis
Sunnudal (place name) (m) Sunnudalr
sunset (f) sól-bjǫrg
sunset (n) sólar-setr
sunshine (n) sólskin
superior (one's superior in power) (m) ofreflis-maðr
superiors, lords (m pl) iwir-mænn (‡)
supernatural being; creature, being; spirit (f) vættr
supernatural strength; strength; might, power, ability; side(s) (n) megin
superstition, heathenism (f) hindrvitni
supper; náttverðr ara - the slain, 'the eagle's-supper' (m) nátt-verðr
supplies (n pl) viðfǫng
supplies; provisions atdráttr
supply (v) birgja
supply of food (m pl) mat-fǫng
support (v) fœða
support, aid; make, perform; efla blót - do sacrifice; efla tafl - play at tables; elpti - was able (v) efla
support, help, protection, confidence (n) traust
support, help; guidance; party, followers; following; til fylgðar við - accompany (f) fylgð
support; help (f) lið-veizla
support; rest; provide with supports; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) styðja (dd), studdi
supporter, advocate, speaker on one's behalf formælandi
supporter; benefactor (m) styrktar-maðr
suppose, guess, think; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
surface of the earth, earth; ground, bottom; broad surface grund
surge of sea; heavy sea; flood (m) sævar-gangr
surpass, exceed; increase, augment; add; aukaþis - multiplied (v) auka
Surt, the lord of Múspelheimr (m) Surtr
suspect; mik grunar - I suspect, I fancy (v) gruna
suspicion grunr
Svafrlami (personal name), first owner of the cursed sword named Tyrfing Svafrlami
Svart (personal name) Black (m) Svartr
Svartalfheim (place name, mythological) world of the dark elves (m) Svartálfrheimr
Sviur (personal name) Svíurr
Svivor, a giantess killed by Thor (f) Svívör
swallow (v) gleypa (t)
swallow (v) svala
swallow, take a deep draft (v) svelga
swamp, moor, bog; más mýrr - sea, 'mew's moor' (f) myrr, mýrr
swampy, soft patch of ground (f) bleyta
swan (f) álpt
swarthy, blackish (adj) sámr
swear (an oath) (v) sverja (svarði)
swear solemnly; fasten; string tight; strengja heit - make a solemn vow (v) strengja (ð, d)
sweat, blood (m) sveiti
Sweden (f) Svíþjóð
Swedes (m pl) Svíar
Swedish (adj); Swede Sœnskr
sweep (v) sópa
sweep, swing, blow (f) svipan
sweep; throw, fling; reef (sails) (ship/sailing term) (v) svipta (t)
sweep; wrap, encircle; swing (v) sveipa (ð, að)
sweet; beloved (adj) sváss
swell, rise high (v) svella
swift (adj) skjót-ligr
swift of foot (adj) fót-hvatr
swift, bold, keen; liberal, open-handed (adj) ǫrr (van)
swift, fleeing; sem fljótast - at once (adj) fljótr
swift, quick; sem skjótast - as soon as possible, straightaway (adj) skjótr
swift; fresh (adj) hraðr
swift; wise (adj) svinnr
swiftly (adv) fráliga
swiftly (adv) skjót-liga
swiftness, speed (n) skjót-fœri
swim (v) svima, svimma
swing, blow, sweep (f) svipan
swing, turn; twist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) vinda
swing, wave (v) veifa
swing; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; wield; own; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
swing; swing up, raise; reiða fram - swing down, strike a blow; reiddi sik - threw himself (v) reiða (dd)
swing; wrap, encircle; sweep (v) sveipa (ð, að)
switch (m) svigi
sword hjǫrr
sword (m) hjálmrǫðull
sword (n) sverð
sword (short sword), cleaver (f) skálm
sword age (the age of the sword) (f) skálm-ǫld
sword components; efra hjaltit - pommel of the sword; fremra hjaltit - sword guard; (n) hjalt
sword of ice, the gleaming sword fetils svell
sword point (m) blóð-refill
sword reach, striking distance (n) hǫgg-fœri
sword with golden hilt (m) gullin-hjalti
sword; mækis á - stream of swords, advance of those carrying swords or blood (m) mækir
sword-play (m) hjǫrleikr
sword's edge (f) sverðsegg
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t to u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
table laid with food (n) mat-borð
table; board, strake, hull, plank; side of a ship; food, upkeep; rim; margin between rim and liquid; á borð - on one side (of a ship); fyrir borð - overboard (f) borð
taciturn (adj) hljóðlyndr
taciturn, silent, reserved (adj) fálátr
tack (ship/sailing term) hals
tackle, rigging; harness, trappings; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) reiði
tail (f) roppa
tail; shield tail, lower pointed end of a shield (m) sporðr
take a good turn, bid fair; Þjálfa var eigi vænt - Þjalfa could not be expected; venna - more likely, probable, vænstr - most likely (v) vænkask
take a sip; sip, drink (v) súpa
take care of (v) annask
take care of; guard, attend to, tend, watch over; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) gæta (tt)
take effect on, bite; fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; fæstiz viðr - withstood (the strokes) (v) festa (t)
take into consideration; look; see; seem; regard; líta á - look at; líta til - turn to, acknowledge greeting; líta yfir - gaze upon; seem, appear; lítask - appear (seem) to; lítask á - be pleased with, like (v) líta
take place; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
take place; go, walk; advance; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga
take possession of; attribute, dedicate; eignask - get, claim, take, become the owner of eigna (að)
take up a position; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
take, bring, get; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; wear; have intercourse with; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
take, get, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; wrestle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
take; have; hold, keep, possess; accept; wear; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
take; take possession of; catch, strike against; amount to; claim land; hear; learn; deprive one of a thing; nema af - abolish; nema frá - except, exempt; nema land - take possession of land as a settler; neima stað (or staðar) - halt (v) nema
taking up of weapons at the end of the assembly (n) vápna-tak
tale (pl); spell, words, tiding (n) spiall
tale, short story, 'strand' of rope or yarn (m) þáttr
tale, story; speech, talk; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
talent, ability, accomplishment; at atgørvi in ability (esp physical) (f and n) atgørvi
talisman, charms (n pl) taufr
talk, conversation (f) rœða
talk, discussion (f) um-rœða
talk, parley, conversation; consultation; reckoning, enumeration, list (n) tal
talk, speak; discuss, converse; tala við - talk with (v) tala (að)
talk, speech; account (n) tala
talk, speech; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; time, meal-time; case; cause (n) mál
tall, high, lofty; loud (adj) hár
taller (adj) hærre (‡)
tame; train, exercise (v) temja
task, work (f) iðja
taunt; fryja hugar - questions one's courage (v) fryja (ð)
taunt; sneer at; slice; glance off (v) sneiða (dd)
tax (land tax or property tax) (f) landskyld
tax paid by Icelanders to the king upon arrival in Norway; land-dues (m pl) landaurar
tax, due; incumbrance (on an estate); reason; sake (f) skyld
tax, tribute (m) scattr (‡), skat (‡)
tax, tribute (m) skattr
tax; tribute; payment; reward; compensation; wergild (n) gjald
taxes, dues (n pl) álög
team of work-horses, work-horses (n pl) øk (‡)
tear (n) tár
tear, rip (v) rífa
tear; break; rend; snap; slitit er þínginu - the assembly is ended; þar til er ór slítr - until it is quite finished (v) slíta
tear; loosen, untie; depart; purchase; redeem; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
tedious; slow; late (adj) seinn
Teit (personal name) Teitr
tell a lie, lie; fail; false (v) ljúga
tell of, relate; obtain, beget, persuade, be able to, get done; get; speak of, mention; guess, think, suppose; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
tell, recite; say; count, reckon; consider, conclude; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare; (v) telja (talða)
tell, say; stipulate; segja frá - tell of, relate; segja til - inform on; give information of; segja til sin - tell one's name; segja upp - declare, pronounce; segisk þar vílja vera - he says he wishes to stay there (v) segja
tell, tell of; say, speak; relate; segja frá - reveal, tell about; segja til - tell, inform of; segja til sin - give one's name (v) segja (sagða)
tell; relate; accomplish; pay; repay; inna til - make mention of (v)  inna
temper (n) lyndis-bragð
temper, mind; manner; mood; nature; character; way; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund
temple (n) goðahús
temple (n) wē (‡)
temple, sanctuary (outdoor sanctuary), (stone) altar hǫrgr
temple; farm, farmstead (n) hof
temporary dwelling, booth (f) buð
ten, decade (m num) tigr
ten; hálfa fjórði tøgr - half the fourth ten, thirty-five (num) tøgr
ten; tiu tigir - a hundred (num) tíu, tiu
tend, guard, attend to, watch over; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) gæta (tt)
tendon, hamstring sinew hásin
tent, canopy; pavilion; rǫðuls tjald - the heavens (n) tjald
tented; with its awning up tjaldat
tenth (ord num) tīonde (‡)
tentpole (debated) tjaldáss?
terrible (adj) megin-grimmr
terrible (most terrible) (adj) all-ógurligr
terrible, awful (adj) ógurligr
terrible, fierce, aggressive (adj) atall
terrible, fiery (adj) ǫndóttr
terrible, loathsome ámáttr
terribly furðuliga
terribly; fiercely (adv) harðliga
terror, fear (f) hræzla
terrorize; intimidate; 'helm of terror'; bera œgishjálm yfir - intimidate, terrorize (m) œgis-hjálmr
test; trial (f) raun
test; try; make trial of; put to the test (v) freista (st)
testicle (n) eista
Thames river (f) Temps
than; fyr þan (‡) - before, until þan
Thangbrand (personal name) Þangbrandr
thank (v) þakka
thanks (f) þǫkk, þökk, þokk
that (conj) at
that (one); þeir/þær/þau - they; those (ones) (m) þeim
that, as if; who; which; as; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
that, the; sá er - he who (pron and art)
that, who thær (‡)
that, who, which; when; where; as; redundant; is (conj) er
thatch, roof (f) þekja
the (art) inn, in, it
the, that; sá er - he who (pron and art)
their, his, her, its (pron) sinn
their; they (pron) þeira
Thekk (personal name), Known þeccr
then, at that time; þá ok þá - at nearly every moment (adv) þá
there (to there), thither (motion toward); þangat til - till that time; þangat til er - until; (adv) þangat
there; since; although; in that place; þar til - until (adv); þar sem - where (conj) þar
therefore, thus; for this reason; because of this; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because(conj) því
they; their (pron) þeira
they; those (ones) (f pl) þær
they; those (ones) (n pl pron) þau
they; those (ones) (pron pl) þeir, þē(r) (‡), þair (‡)
thick, close; sem þykkvast - as close as possible (adj) þykkr (van)
thickly (adv) þykkt
Thidrandi (personal name) (m) Þiðrandi
thief (m) þjófr
thief's eyes (n pl) þjófsaugu
thigh (n) þjó
thigh-bone lær-leggr
thin (adj) magr (ran)
thin at the end, gera endamjótt við - leave in the lurch enda-mjór
thin nose, stingy mjonefr
thin, stretched, strained (adj) þunnr
thine, thy, of you; your (pron) þinn
thing, part, piece; portion; purpose; meiri hlutr - majority; eiga hlut í - take part in; (m) hlutr
thingman, the follower of an Icelandic chieftain, liegeman who goes with his goþi to the þing (m) þing-maðr
Thing-Plain (place name); ground where the þing is held, assembly-field (m) þing-vǫllr
things in charge; keeping (f) varð-veizla
think (seem to one); seem, be thought; þykkjask - seem to one, think oneself; þykki(r) mér, þkkjumk - seems to me, I think; er eggi mun litilræði þykkja í - who would not think it beneath his dignity; mér þykkir fyrir í - I am displeased; þykkr fyrir - one who is unwilling or fearful; þykkja mikill - affect one greatly; Þórr þottisk skilja - Thor thought he understood; er þér þykkizk vera við búnir - which you think you are endowed with (v) þykkja (þótti)
think out, excogitate (v) huga (að)
think over, consider; determine (v) hugsa (að)
think, believe; give heed to; observe; see; intend, mean; anxiety; hyggja at - look at, consider; give heed to; be desirous of; attend; hearken; hydggja at gátu - guess the riddle; kunna hyggja - understand (the art of); hugat mæla - speak sincerely; hugðisk falla - he thought he would fall (v) hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)
think, consider (to be); expect, look for, intend (to do), purpose, mean; fated; ætla til - count upon, believe; ætla til fundar við - intend to meet one; ætlask fyrir - intend (v) ætla
think, guess, suppose; get; beget, obtain, persuade, be able to, get done; speak of, mention; relate, tell of; engender; be obtainable; (with infin.) happen to (do); gett at - get agreement from, persuade; [hon] man láta getit - [she] will have it told; þess er getit - it is told; be able to; geta veiddan fisk - be able to catch fish; getask at - like, love; ef korn gæti at kaupa - if corn could be bought; sem fastast gat hann - as fast as he could(v) geta
third (ord num) þriði
Third, one of the three interrogators of King Gylfi (m) Þriði
third; third part; riding (m) þriðjungr
thirsty (adj) þyrstr
thirteen (num); þrettándi - thirteenth (ord num) þrettán
thirteenth (ord num) þrettāundi (‡)
thirty (num) þrír tigir
this sjá
this (one); that; the; the other one; á hinn fótinn - on the other foot (prep) hinn
this (pron) sá-si
this world (n) iord-rīke (‡)
this, the; þæn sum - one who, such as (pron) þæn (‡), thæn (‡)
this, these (pron) þessi
thither (motion toward), to there; þangat til - till that time; þangat til er - until; (adv) þangat
thither, in that way (adv) þannig
thong, lace; leiðar þvengr - serpent, 'thong of the road' (m) þvengr
Thor (poetic) (m) Hlórriði
Thor, god of thunder, husband of Sif, son of Odin and Earth (m) þórr
Thor’s girdle of strength megin-gjarðar
Thord (personal name) (m) þórðr
Thordis (personal name) (m) þórdis
Thorfast (personal name) (m) þorfastr
Thorgeir (pesonal name); þorgeirr flöskubakr - Thorgeir Flask-Back (m) þorgeirr
Thorgerd (personal name) (f) þorgerðr
Thorgils (personal name); þorgils þorsteinssonar - Thorgils, son of Thorstein (m) þorgils
Thorgrim (personal name) (m) þorgrímr
Thorin (personal name) (m) þorinn
Thorir (personal name) (m) þórir
Thorith (personal name) (m) þóríðr
Thorkel (personal name); þorkell Geitisson - Thorkel, son of Geitir (m) þorkell
Thorlak (personal name) (m) þorlákr
Thorolf (personal name) (m) þórólf
thoroughly; truly (adv) trú-liga
Thorsteinn (personal name); þorstein hviti - Thorsteinn the White (m) þorsteinn
those (ones); they (f pl) þær
those (ones); they (n pl pron) þau
those (ones); they (pron pl) þeir, þē(r) (‡), þair (‡)
thou art, you are þú'st, þú est
thou, you (pron) þú
though, even if; seeing that (adv) þótt, þó at
thought, intellect, mind hyggiandi
thoughtful (adj) hugall
thousand, usually a long thousand (twelve hundred) (f) þúsund
Thrain (personal name) þráinn
thrall, slave (m) þræll
thralls, house-folk (n) man
thrashing, beating; fight, battle (m) bardagi
threaten (v) hœta
threaten; invite, order, command; bid; offer; provide; challenge; call upon, summon; bjóða heim - invite to one's house; bjóða upp - give up; bjóðja sætt - offer reconciliation; bjóðja at sætt - offer to for reconciliation (v) bjóða
three (num) thré (‡)
three (num) þrír
three years old þré-vetr (ran)
thrice (num) þrysvar
thrive, grow (big), increase (v) þróask (að)
throat (f) óst
throne or residence for a king; stool, chair; bishop's see (m) stóll, stōll (‡)
throne, high-seat, seat of honor (n) hásæti
throng (v) drif
Thror (personal name) (m) þrór
Throst (personal name) (m) Þröstr
through, across; over; for; around, about; concerning, as regards; because of; of veg - on his way; (prep) of
through, past, throughout; over, across; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
throughout, past, through; over, across; round, about; (all) over, in; concerning, as regards; during; at a point of time; um stund - for a while; um þat er - when; kominn um langan veg - come from a long way off; um þveran háls - over the ridge; um þvert - (diagonally) across; um þvert gólfit - over the ridge; þar (or hér) um - about this; um sumrum - in summer; um sinnsakr - for this once; hvat um var (at vera) - what was going on (prep) um
throw a funeral feast; inherit; commemorate with a funeral feast (v) erfa (ð)
throw down; totter, fall in ruin; steypask útan borðs - leap overboard; stœyptuz ór brynium - they threw off their mail-coats (v) steypa
throw into disorder, upset; róta í sundr - knock apart (v) róta (að)
throw, cast (v) kasta (að)
throw, cast; deal out; inlay (runes); verpa haug - build up a mound (over the dead) (v) verpa
throw, fling; sweep; reef (sails) (ship/sailing term) (v) svipta (t)
throw, fling; wind about (v) slyngva, slungnir
throw, stab, thrust; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction (v) leggja
throw; shoot; hop; launch (boat); roll (the eyes); var skotit váðási - a pole was set up; skjóta sér - fall; (v) skjóta
throwing of spears; spear throwing (f) flein-drífa
thrown down; under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; just off, near to (adv) undan
thrust, stab (v) stinga
thrust, stab, throw; place, lay, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; make; give; leggja á - come upon; impose; leggja at - attack (in naval battle); leggja eigu á - take possession of; leggja frá - withdraw; leggja fram - come into battle, make an attack (on); leggja fyrir - give to, settle on; provide; make available; give (advice); leggja kapp á - take trouble about, be ardent in; leggja við - risk; leggja sik fram - put forth effort, put or lay down; cast down; leggja segl - lower sail (ship/sailing term); leggja at velli, leggja at jǫrðu - lay low, slay; leggja á við - lay as a spell on one; move, bring; leggja lykkju - tie a knot; leggja skipunum inn á fjǫrð - bring the ships into the fjord (ship/sailing term); leggja í móti - oppose with; leggja saman - bring together; leggja í spánu - smash into pieces; leggja til - attack (by stabbing); thrust at; lay a course to (ship/sailing term); leggja til barðaga - attack; leggja til með - attack with; leggja undir sik - conquer; leggja virðing á - bestow honor on one; lifit á leggja - lay down one's life; leggjask - lay, set oneself; leggjask á - prey upon (of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.); fall upon, attack; leggjask í - appear in, enter; leggjask niðr - lie down; leggjask út - set out (into the wilderness to live as an outlaw); leyjask yfir - swim across; lagthæs mæth (‡) - lay with; hingat leggr reykinn - the smoke is blown in this direction (v) leggja
thrust, stab; position, stratum, layer; fate (preordained fate); lay, order, disposition; í verra lagi - among the worst (n) lag
thrusting (of spears); weaving; web (in the loom) (m) vefr
thrusting-spear (m) atgeirr
Thrymr, lord among the giants (m) Þrymr
thumb (m) þumall
thumb (of a glove) (m) þumlungr
thunder, din, resound, whir, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) dynja
thunder, resound (v) þrymja
Thursday (m) Thōrs-dagher (‡)
Thurvi (personal name) (f) þurvi
thus, so sō (‡)
thus, so, in this way; also; as, as if; svát - such that, with the result that; svá sem - as if, so as; svá mikill at - so great (adv) svá
thus, therefore; for this reason; because of this; í því er - at the moment when; meðr því - thus (adv); því at - since, for, because; því næst - thereupon, then; þat mun þvi at eins, ef … - that will only be so, if …; í því er - at the moment when; meþr því - thus; því at þvít - since, because(conj) því
Thvinnill (personal name), name of a Viking (m) Þvinnill
thwart, bench (rowing bench) (ship/sailing term) þopta
thy, thine, of you; your (pron) þinn
Thyri (personal name) Þyri
tide, flood (n) flóð
tiding, spell, words (n); tale (pl) spiall
tidings, news; events; verða tíðendi, vera (or bera) til tíðinda - come to pass, happen (n pl) tíðendi, tíðindi
tidy, smooth, even out, trim; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) jafna (að)
tie, bind, fasten; dress; bind up (a wound); pledge; binda í - bind to, bind on (v) binda
tiller (ship/sailing term) hjölm
timber, beam, pole; ship áss
timber, build, construct (v) timbra (að)
timber, pole; wooden staff, stick; crozier (m) stafr
timber; tree; beam; forest; wood (m) viðr
time (a short time ago) fyrir stundu
time (f) tíð
time (of repetition), occasion; at sinni - for the present; eigi optar at sinni - not more than once; eitt sinn - one time; einu sinni - once, for once; hvert sinn - every (n) sinn(i)
time to rise, rise time, a roughly three hour portion of the day beginning about 6:00 a.m. (n) rísmál
time, age; life; life-story; alla ævi - for all time, forever (f) ævi
time, days, daylight hours (m pl); day, daylight, dawn (m); í dag, í dagh - today; at the present day; daghum - by day; døgr - day, a 24 hour span of time dagr
time, meal-time; speech, talk; tale, story; information; language; dialect; discussion; conversation; proposition; season, period of time; measure; case; cause (n) mál
time, while; storm; attack, battle; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð
time; age; [poetic] man (f); mankind, humanity, world; human beings, men (f pl) ǫld, öld
time; occasion; um tíma - for any time (m) tími, t(h)īme (‡)
time; period of time; hour; a while, a time; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) stund
timid, gutless, 'without fortitude', pithless (adj) þrek-lauss
timidly (adv) óframliga
tinder, belt of tinder or amadou ("tinder fungus", useful for starting slow-burning fires) (m) hnjósku-lindi
tired, weary; fury, wrath (m) móðr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t to u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
to(wards) the house; home; homeward (adv) heim
to, (of time) until, up to the time; in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
to, towards; onto, on; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
toast (usually in honor of the dead), memorial cup (n) minni
toe (f)
Tofa (personal name) Tófa
together (adj) ásamt
together (adv) saman
toil; trouble, effort (n) erfiði
token of peace (n) friðar-tákn
token, evidence, proof (of a thing) (n) jartegn
token, sign (n) tēkn (‡)
token, sign; lítit mark at - of little account (m) mark
tolerate; suffer, endure (v) þola, þula (‡)
toll (heavy penalty or toll); payment, tribute afráð
toll (m) tuldr (‡)
toll paid on departure (m pl) brut-pæningar
tong tǫng
tongue; language; tongue of land at the meeting of two rivers (f) tunga
too (adv) of
too long of-længi (‡)
too, very (adv) til
tool tól
tooth (f) tǫnn, tönn
top, crown; put a top on; um hǫfuð typpa - wind a headdress on the head (v) typpa
top, summit; head (m) kollr
Toptavallr (place name) (m) Toptavöllr
torn piece, rag (n) slitri
toss (v) dúði
toss, shake (v) dyja (dúði)
Tosti (personal name) Tósti
touch or feel with one's hand; þreifask - fumble, grope (v) þreifa (að)
touch, reach; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; begin; undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
touch; concern (v) snerta
towards, manner, meeting; þar í móti - opposing him; í móti ar fara út - against going out (n) mót
towards, to; onto, on; with respect to; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
towel þerra
tower (v) gnæfa
tower, rise high (v) gnæfa (ð)
town; castle, fortress, stronghold; funeral pyre (f) borg
town; farmhouse, farmstead; farm, landed estate (m) bœr
townsman; garrisoned soldier (m) borgarmaðr
trace (of harness), harness (m) skökull
trace, rope (n) reip
trace, track (v) rekja
trace; count, reckon; consider, conclude; number, enumerate; recount; declare; recite; tell, say; (v) telja (talða)
trace; likelihood (n pl) líkindi
track, trace (v) rekja
track, trail, footprint; step, foothold; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) spor
track; subject; conduct, deeds; condition (n) far
trade goods, wares, articles of trade (m) kaupeyrir
trader, merchant (m) kaupmaðr
trader, merchant, seaman, seafarer, sailor (m) farmaðr
trail, track, footprint; step, foothold; spor Dags hriðar - wound (n) spor
train, exercise; tame (v) temja
train; accustom; af venjask - cease one's customary practice (v)  venja
tramp, beggar (m) staf-karl
transverse partition, near the entrance of the hall (n) þver-þili
trap, rope (?) (f) festr
trappings, harness; rigging, tackle; ship's equipment (ship/sailing term) (m and n) reiði
travel about, rove; fall down (v) rata (að)
travel, go, move; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; turn out, happen; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of(v) fara
traveling provisions, provisions (n) nest
travels to the east (f) austrför
treacherous, false (adj) flár
tread, set one's feet upon; spurn; sporna við - resist (v) sporna (að)
tread; walk, go; cram, pack; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) troða
treading (f); lane between fences (f pl) trǫð
treason (n pl) svik
treasure (f) gørsimi
treasure (m) ǫuðr (‡)
treasure, necklace, jewel (n); jewels, treasures (n pl) men
treasure, wealth, riches; precious objects auðr
treasures (f pl) meiðmar
treasury; wardrobe (n) fata-búr (‡)
treaty; right, lawful claim; cause, condition; law (m) réttr
tree (m) baðmr
tree (the ash Yggdrasil); post, pillar; beam þollr
tree which measures extent or limits of the world, tree which metes out fate; Measure-tree: well-proportioned tree miǫtviðr
tree; beam; forest; wood; timber (m) viðr
tree; fir tree (m) þollr
tree; oak; ship (f) eik
tree; wood; log, beam (n) tré
tree-trunk, pole meiðr
tree-trunk; ghost, 'undead man' (m) draugr
tremble, shake (v) skjólfa
tremble, shake, quake, move, be moved; march (v) bifask (ð, að)
trench; cutting, slice; flensing of a whale (m) skurðr
trend, flow; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; weigh; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
trial of strength (f) afl-raun
tribute (m) skat (‡)
tribute, payment due, offerings or compensation; feast; guild; recompense, return (n) gildi
tribute, payment; heavy penalty or toll afráð
tribute, tax (m) scattr (‡), skat (‡)
tribute, tax (m) skattr
tribute; payment; reward; tax; compensation; wergild (n) gjald
trick, betray (v) tæla
tricking, deception (f) ginning
trifle (n) lítilræði
trim, smooth, even out, tidy; cut even, make equal (in comparisons), equate; jafna til - compare, liken to (v) jafna (að)
troll (n) trǫll
troll; troll-kind (n) gífr
troop, host of warriors; folk, people, men; (poetic) battle; miþ fulki (‡) - with human victims (n) fólk, folk
troop; band, company; region; community, district (f pl); group or body of men (f) sveit
troops, army, host; great number (m) herr
troops; people; band of men, host; following; herd; help, aid; koma (or verða) at liði - come to one's aid, be of help to (n) lið
troop-slaying, war, battle (between armies) fólcvíg
troth, good faith (f) trúa
trouble víl
trouble, difficulty (n) erfiðr
trouble, difficulty (n) vand-ræði
trouble, effort; toil (n) erfiði
trouble, work (n) starf
troublesome, difficult (adj) erfiðr
trough (n) trog
true saðr
true of word haldorðr
true saying (f) san-saghæ (‡)
true, safe, trusty (adj) tryggr (van)
true; it sanna - the truth; at sǫnnu - in truth; til sanns - of a truth (adj) sannr, saðr
truly (adv) sannliga
truly; thoroughly (adv) trú-liga
trumpet (m) lúðr (rs)
trust, have faith; believe; trúa afli - trust in one's might (v) trúa (ð), trōa (‡)
trust, rely on (v) hlíta
trusty, safe, secure (adj) ør-uggr
trusty, safe, true (adj) tryggr (van)
trusty; safe (adj) trúr
truth (n pl) sannindi
try to decide, consider (v) íhuga
try to go, go; seek, search for; find; see; attack; proceed on a journey; leita á - attack, assault; find fault with, sneer at; leita sér lífs - seek to save one's life; leita ráða til - ask for advice from; leita at - make inquiry; leita til - look for; try, attempt; leita eptir við - ask for a thing from a person; seek out; find; try to go, go; leita út - get outside; leita við - try; leitask fyrir - make a search before one(v) leita (að)
try, prove; experience; reyna ilt af - meet with evil at the hands of; reyndr vas flestr - most were put to the test; be proved; reynt er - trial has been made; be proved (v) reyna (d)
try; make trial of; test; put to the test (v) freista (st)
tub, vessel (n) kar
tumble, fall (v) hrata (að)
tumble, go flying; reek, smoke (v) rjúka
tunic, kirtle (m) kyrtill
turbulent river, Ale-Force (foaming waterfall) River Ǫlfossá
turf (n) torf
turf knoll in the middle of barren ground (f) mel-torfa
turn or shift of luck, difference in fortune (m) gæfumunr
turn out, become, happen; make, build; write, compose; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
turn out, happen; go, move, travel; behave, act (as); fare, have fortune; receive, suffer; fara at - attack; go, proceed; fara frá - leave, back off, back away; fara í klæði - dress; fara af klæði - undress; fara í rekkju - go to bed; fara til svefns - go to sleep; fara sendiferð - go on an errand; fara með - deal with; fara at or fara til - set to work, go about the business; fara við - deal with; ferr þér at illu, er þér illa saman farit - you do wrong; þér farið óhermannliga - behave in an unsoldierly fashion; fara vel, fara heill - farewell; fara heil ok vel - farewell and prosper; fara fram - continue, go on; fersk þeim vel - their journey goes well; fórsk honum seinna - his journey took longer; hafði alt farizk vel at - all had gone well with their journey; vera farinn at - come to the end of (v) fara
turn out; go, walk; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga
turn to; go in a certain direction; advance; aim at; call, call together, summon (v)  stefna (d)
turn, alter, change; move quickly; draw (sword), brandish (a weapon); break (faith or an oath); break off, leave off, give up; bregða við - ward off with, parry with; bregða upp - lift up, raise (to strike); bregða bui - give up one's farm; bregða sér - flinch; bregðask - fail, come to nothing; deceive, disappoint, bregðask i - shapechange, turn into; bregðr við - one is afraid; brá mǫnnum mjǫk við þat - they were greatly startled at this (v) bregða
turn, move; víkjask við - respond; take action; þat víksk eigi - that is certain; nú víkr sögunni - now the saga shifts (v) víkja
turn, swing; twist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) vinda
turn; disappear; be lost, be missing; hverfa á brottu - disappear; hverfa af - vanish from; hverfa aptr - turn back, return; hverfa frá - give up, turn away; hverfa saman - assemble; vinsældum horfinn - popular (v) hverfa
turn; twist, tie; turn; go; plait; direct; snúa til - commit to; snúa undan skipi - turn one's ship to flee (ship/sailing term); snúin þar fyrir speld - protected with shutters; snúask aptir - turn back; snúa at - turn on one; snúask fram - go forth; snúask í - fall into (a fury); snúask til - turn oneself into; turn to; snúask til ferðar - set out on a journey (v) snúa
turned in a certain direction; gaze; look (in a particular direction); horfa á - look at; hversu horfir - what turn things have taken (v) horfa
turret (ship/sailing term) viðu-hús
on two sides (tveggja vegna) (adv) vegna
twang (of a bowstring); yell, scream; bellow (v) gjalla
twelfth (ord num) tólfti
twelve (num) tólf
twenty (num) tiughu (‡)
twenty (num); tuttungundi - twentieth (ord num) tuttugu
twice (adv) tyswar (‡)
twig, branch (m) kvistr
twilight (n) røk(k)r
twist, step quickly (v) snara
twist, wind; ríða knút - tie a knot (v) ríða
twist, wring, squeeze; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) vinda
two (num) tveir
two kinds (of two kinds), twofold tvennr
twofold, of two kinds tvennr
type, custom, manner, kind; (m); activity, habits, behavior (m pl); einskis háttar - of no importance háttr
tyrannical, hard in counsel, ruthless (adj) harðráðr
tyranny; overbearing (n) of-ríki
Tyrfing (personal name) Tyrfingr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
ugly (n) ljótr
ugly, hideous illi-ligr
ugly, mean-looking, ill-favored (adj) vesal-ligr
unable to move, impassable (adj) ó-fœrr
unafraid, without fear (adj) óhræddr
unarmored, unprotected, mail-less, without mail (adj) brynjulauss
unatoned, without compensation ú-gildær (‡)
unaware; unwary; koma á óvart - take by surprise (adj) óvarr
unbaptized (adj) óskírðr
unbelief (f) van-trō (‡)
unbelievable (adj) ótrúligr
unbending, stiff, strong (adj) stinnr
unborn inoborna
unborn (while yet unborn) ó-fȳdr (‡)
uncertain (adj) óvíss
uncle, father's brother (m) fǫðurbróðir
uncut, unshorn (adj) óskorinn
undead man, ghost (m) haugbúi
undead, zombie, (one who walks after death) (m) aptrgǫngu-maðr
undecided, unsettled (adj) ó-ráðinn
under (from under); from beneath; away; away from; out from; just off, near to; (thrown) down (adv) undan
under (prep) und
under, below; in; beneath; up to; behind; eiga undir sér - have in one's power, be able to manage; niðr undir - down into (prep) undir, undi (‡)
undergo, suffer; signify, amount to; wait in ambush, waylay; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
underground (n) jarð-hús
underhand, false (adj) undir-fǫrull
underling, dependent (m) undir-maðr
undersized; insignificant (adj) smá-skitligr
understand, perceive; see, gaze; know of; look; sja á - look upon; at sjá - in appearance; sjá sik siðan - survive; sjá í - look into, take into consideration; sjá eptir - extra compensation for the death of; sjá fyrir - provide for, direct, decide; sjá við - be on one's guard against; sjásk um - look about (v) sjá
understand; be certain of; be aware of; know; know how (to); know of; find out; see; vita fram or vita fyrir - knowing the future, foresee; ascertained, proved historical; appointed, marked out; vitu þer enn? - do you know now?; vita ván - expect; hans erumk ván vituð - I am expecting him; vita fram - see into the future, know of, have heard of; má ek þat eigi vita - I cannot bear (to know) that; þat veit trúa mín - upon my faith; vita fram - see into the future; vita upp - be turned up (v) vita
understanding, difference of wits (m) vizku-munr
understanding, intelligence, sense, wit, wits (n) vit
undertake; take, capture, catch, seize; take hold of, grasp, pick up; reach, touch; begin; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass; taka af - comes loose, comes off; taka á - touch with; taka af lífi - put to death; taka hlaup - run, rush; taka í - lay hold of; reach to, extend to; taka í hǫnd - take one by the hand; taka í sunder - cut asunder; taka hǫndum - lay hands on, seize or capture; taka land - sail into land (ship/sailing term); taka mat - take food, eat; taka nafn á - be named after; taka ór - release from; taka rað af - get counsel from; taka sættum - accept compensation, allow terms; taka seint - receive coldly; taka skeið - run a course; taka sót - take sick; taka upp hǫndum - reach up; taka vel við - welcome; taka við - accept; take in, receive or welcome into one's house; take possession of, acquire, inherit; taka til - begin, set to work; choose to do, undertake; have recourse to; taka til sin - keep with them; taka um - take hold of, embrace; taka upp - pick up, remove; til máls at taka - take up the story; tók af - (his hands) were cut off; at yfir taki við oss - get the better of us; tók af byr - the favoring wind dropped; tók af hǫfuðit - the head flew off; í sundr tók manninn - the man was cleft asunder; þegar myrkva tók - as soon as it began to be dark; takask til - turn out (v) taka
undeserving (adj) ómakligr
undismayed (adj) ókviðinn
undoing, ruin; weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) urðr
undone ógǫrr
undress (v) afklæða
unequally; hyggja misjafnt til - have doubts about misjafnt
unexampled thing (n pl) ó-dœmi
unfailing, reliable (adj) ó-brigðr
unfair dealings (n pl) ú-skæll (‡)
unfairness, injustice (m) ójafnaðr
unfortunate, poor, unhappy; vile, wretched, wicked (adj) armr
unfriendly, intimidating (adj) óþýðr
unhappy, poor, unfortunate; vile, wretched, wicked (adj) armr
unhindered (by pack horses); free; loose; unimpeded; free of obligation; unsteady (adj) lauss
unhindered, free (adj) frels
unhurt (adj) ó-sakaðr
unhurt (adj) ó-sárr
unimpeded; free; loose; free of obligation; unsteady; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) lauss
uninformed, ignorant (adj) óvitr
uniped, one-footed (m) Ein-fœtingr
unit of distance between two resting stages (perhaps equivalent to the Old Scandinavian mile); usually between four and five English miles; league (f) röst
universal almenniligr
unjust, crooked; wrong, false (adj) rangr
unjust, overbearing man (m) ójafnaðar-maðr
unjust, unrighteous (adj) ō-rætter (‡)
unknowingly )adv) ú-witændhes (‡)
unknown (adj) ókunnigr
unless; except, save, but (conj) nema
unlike, unlike to, different from (adj) ólíkr
unlikely (adj) ør-vænn
unlikely (adj) ó-vænligr
unlikely (adv) ólíkligr
unmarried kvánlauss
unmarried man of no fixed abode; vagrant; landloper (m) ein-hleypingr
unmerciful, harsh (adj) óvægr
unpleasant (adj) fill
unpleasant, foul (adj) fúll, full
unpredictable, fickle, capricious (adj) margbreytinn
unproductive, barren (adj) ó-frær
unprovided (adj) ó-birgr
unreconciled, hostile (adj) ó-sāter (‡)
unrighteous, unjust (adj) ō-rætter (‡)
unrighteous, wrong wrōngær (‡), wranger (‡)
unruly man (m) óeirðarmaðr
unscathed, healthy, in health; hale; sound, safe; healed; blessed, happy; whole, complete; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
unsettled, undecided (adj) ó-ráðinn
unsheathed (of a sword); naked, bare (adj) berr
unsheltered; outside; out at sea (adv) úti
unshorn, uncut (adj) óskorinn
unsteady; free; loose; unimpeded; free of obligation; unhindered (by pack horses) (adj) lauss
unsuspecting; eigi er mér grunlaust - I suspect grunlauss
unswerving; just, fair; right, correct, straight; direct; rétt framan í hann - straight at him (adj) réttr
untamed, wild (adj) ótambær (‡), ótam (f) (‡)
untie, loosen; depart; purchase; redeem; tear; conceal a thing; send (from one's house); leysa í brott - find places for; leysa flotann - weigh anchor (ship/sailing term); leysask undan við - draw back from (v) leysa
until (of time), to, up to the time; in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until (prep) til
until; already; before; first (adv) áðr
until; til þess unz - until (conj) unz
untried; at ǫllu óreyndu - without looking into the matter at all (adj) óreyndr
unwary (adj) arr
unwary (adj) óvandr
unwary; unaware; koma á óvart - take by surprise (adj) óvarr
unwilling (adj) ófúss
unwilling, against one's will nauðigr, nauðugr
unwilling, reluctant (adj) nauðugr
unwilling, reluctant (adj) trauðr
unwise, foolish (adj) ósnjallr
unwise, rash (adj) óvitrligr
up (position); raised up; be at an end; used up; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) uppi
up to the time, (of time) until, to; in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; til handa - for; gott (or ilt) til - well (badly) off for, hér til - up until now; þar til - to this end; vera til - to be obtainable; er þat til - this is to be done; til þess er, til þess unz - until; til þess at - in order to; þar til (er) - until(prep) til
up, upward (motion toward); upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) upp
Uplands (place name) Norwegian highlands (n pl) Upplönd
Uplands, of or pertaining to the Uplands (Norwegian highlands) (adj) upplenzker
upon; onto, on; to, towards; with respect to; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
upper part of the cheek (m) vangi
upper, inner; latter; later; hit efri - in the upper (inland) part; œfre lut dagsins - towards the end of the day (adj) efri
uppermost, highest efstr
Uppsala (place name) (m pl) Uppsalir
upset, throw into disorder; róta í sundr - knock apart (v) róta (að)
upward (motion toward), up; upp frá þessu - from now on (adv) upp
Urd (personal name, mythological), Fate, that which should become, one of the three Norns (f) Urðr
Urdarbrunn, the Well of Fate (m) Urðarbrunnr
urge on (v) áæggia
urge on, press, compel, force; struggle; exert oneself; knock (at the door); knýjask - struggle on (v) knyja, knýja
urge, encourage; (impers.) desire (v) fýsa (t)
urge, encourage; desire; braut fýsir mik - I desire to depart, I am in haste to depart; fýsask í braut - be eager to go away (v) fýsa, fysa
urge, incite, goad, egg on, whet; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) eggja (að)
urgent; bound, obliged; due; obligatory; related to; related by kinship; right; skyldir þjónustumenn - bond-servants; skyldæstæstr - nearest (related) (adj) skyldr
urgent; clear brýnn
urging, egging on (f) áeggjun
usage, custom (m) vani
use as a support; rest; support; provide with supports; stab or pierce from all sides; styðjask við - lean upon (v) styðja (dd), studdi
use; eat; avail; derive benefit from; profit; svát nýtir - as will serve, well enough (v) nýta (tt)
used up; up (position); raised up; be at an end; vera uppi - live, last, be remembered (adv) uppi
useful; engu nýtt - of no use (adj) nýtr
useful; necessary (adj) þarfr
useless; barren (adj) gœðalauss
useless; ónýtt efni - evil plight; til ónýtts - so that it was useless (adj) ó-nýtr
useless; unprofitable; good for nothing (adj) ógagn-vænligr
using (as material); out of, from; of; from inside of; made of; with the material of; vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) ór
using; with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
usual, frequent; happening; hvat er títt um þik? - what is the matter with you?; ti erum bók - I often occupy myself with books; sem tiðast - as fast as they could; aldrigh tīth (‡) - never (adj) tíðr
usual; accustomed, wont; lacking; manns var vant - a man was missing; saur eggi vant viðr - there was no lack of mud (adj) vanr
usually, commonly (adv) hversdagliga
Utgard, the Outer Enclosures, the home of the giants (place name) Útgarðr
utter; speak, say, declare; say in verse; recite; recite verse; utter a cry; call up; greet, greeting; salute; summon; kveða við - reply; kveðask - say of oneself; declare; kveðkat þik mǫnnum lika - I declare you inhuman; kváðu mik hafa - said that I should have; utter (verse), say in verse, recite, utter a cry; kveða á - fix, agree on; give orders; kveða at - give orders; mikill harmr er at oss kveðinn - great grief is sent to us; allir kváðusk fylgya vilja - all said they were willing to follow (v) kveða
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
vagrant; unmarried man of no fixed abode; landloper (m) ein-hleypingr
Valdres, a highland region in Norway (f) Valdres
Valfothr, Father of the Slain, Odin Valfǫðr
Valhalla, the Hall of the Slain (f) Valhöll
valiantly, in manly wise (adv) mann-liga
valkyrie, chooser of the slain (f) val-kyrja
valley, dale, dell (m) dalr
valor, courage (f) hreysti
valuable (adj) fémætr
valuables; money (m pl) fémunir
value, evaluate, estimate, appraise; esteem, be honored, esteemed; virða engis - show no honor to (v) virða
value, evaluate, estimate; set a price (v) meta
value, honor, respect, reputation (f) virðing
valued at; fine, worthy, great; of great value (adj) gildr
Vanir, one of the two major groups of gods ( m pl) Vanir
vapor, smoke (f) gufa
Varangian, the name of the Norse warriors who served as bodyguards to the emperors of Constantinople in the Varangian Guard (m) Væringi
various; í ýmis setin - from one set to another, i.e., away from each bed-space to the next ymiss, ýmiss
vault (n) hwalf (‡)
Vedrfolnir, the hawk which sits between the eyes of the eagle atop Yggdrasill (m) Veðrfölnir
vegetation; grass; herb; pasture; plant (n) gras
vehemence; heat (m) ákafi
vehement, fierce (adj) ákafr
vehement; frantic; furious; enraged; raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear (adj) ódr
vehemently, exceedingly, very, impetuously (adv) ákafliga
vehicle; wagon (m) vagn
Veig, Liquor Veigr
vengeance (f) hefnd
venture, risk, stake; cease (v) hætta
venture; hit, hurt, dare; belt við - committed against; bellendr - those who take part in (v) bella
Verdandi (personal name, mythological) Becoming or Happening, one of the three Norns (f) Verðandi
verdant, leaf-green (adj) laufgrœnn
verse (short verse), ditty (m) kviðlingr
verse forms or meters (list of either) (n) háttatal
verse, stanza (f) vísa
versed in magic; known; wise; honum var kunnigt í - he had knowledge of (adj) kunnigr
very (adv) vilgi
very angry (adj) all-reiðr
very badly, very ill stór-illa
very beautiful (adj) allfriðr
very famous(adj) allfrægr
very good all-góðr
very great (adj) allmikill
very ill, very badly stór-illa
very little raunar-lítit
very little (adj) alllítill
very strong (adj) all-sterkr
very well all-vel
very wise, sagacious, wise (of a woman) (adj) alsnotr
very, exceedingly, vehemently, impetuously (adv) ákafliga
very, quite (adv) stundar
very, sufficiently, overly; enough (adv) œrit
very, too (adv) til
very; all too (adv) helzti
very; much (adv) mjök, mjǫk
vespers, evensong (m) kveldsǫngr
vessel, tub (n) kar
vestibule of hall (n) anddyri
vex (v) réa
vex, grieve (v) harma
victorious (adj) sigrsæll
victory (m) sigr (rs)
vigil (f) vaka
vigorous, hardy (adj) knáligr
vigorous, sturdy, brave (adj) röskr
vigorously, hardily (adv) knáliga
Vik region, Oslo fjord Víkin
Vik, Bay (place name) (f) Vík
Viking, pirate (m) vikingr
Viking-Guard (coast guard against Vikings) (m) víkingavörðr
Vikings, seafarers (m pl) flotnar
vile, wretched, wicked; poor, unfortunate, unhappy; (adj) armr
Vili (personal name) Víli
Vindalf, Wind-elf Vindálfr
violate, break (v) brýtæ (‡)
violent, harmful (adj) mein-samr
violent, severe (adj) allharðr
virgin, maiden, maid, girl (f) mær
virginity, maidenhood (m) meydómr
Virvir (personal name) Virvir
Visbur (personal name) (m) Vísburr
vision; sight (f) sýn, syn
visit, go to (a place); vera at vitr - be found (v) vitja (að)
visit, resort to (v) til-sȳkia (‡)
visit; find, discover, notice; compose; devise; meet; invent; be found, be discovered; finnask - be found, be perceived, noticed; be found, perceived, noticed by; vel til fundit - well chosen; meet (each other); finnask míkit um - be greatly disturbed or moved; láta sér fátt um finnask - concern oneself little with; have little to say about (v) finna
Vit (personal name), Color Vitr
Vogg (personal name) (m) Vöggr
voice (f) rǫdd
voice, mental faculties óðr
voice; bearing, gestures, manner; noise (n pl) læti
void, space (mighty space), abyss ginnung
voyage, sailing, passage of a ship (f) skipför
voyager to Hólmgarðr (m) Hólmgarðsfari
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
wade; wade through (water), pass through; rush (at an opponent); vaða fram - charge onward (v) vaða
wages; bargain; vera af kaupi - forfeit the reward (n) kaup
wagon, cart (m) waghn (‡)
wagon; vehicle (m) vagn
wail, cry out (v) veina
wail, groan (v) ymja (umdi)
wait for, await, remain, abide; suffer, undergo (v) biða (að)
wait in ambush, waylay; signify, amount to; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
wake (I wake); vek-k-a - I do not wake (v) vek-k
wake, waken, awake; rouse; vekja upp - wake up (v) vekja (vakti, vekte (‡))
waken; rouse (v) vakti
walk clumsily (v) þœfa
walk, go (v) hvarfa (að)
walk, go; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out; ganga af - leave, go from; ganga á - encroach upon; ganga at - attack; go up to; ganga bezt fram - be foremost in battle; ganga eptir - be proved true; ganga frá - depart; ganga fram - proceed, go forth, advance; ganga fyrstr - walk in front; ganga í - enter into; ganga í sundr - be rent, shattered; í gegn gandask - attack each other; ganga samu - come together, close; láta ganga tǫlu - utter speech; ganga vel - turn out well for one; ganga til - go up to, go toward; þer gangi gott til - your intentions are good; ganga undan - draw back from; ganga undi(r) - submit, accept; ganga upp - go ashore; be used up; ganga við - confess; ganga yfir - befall, happen to; gangask við um - improve in (v) ganga
walk, go; tread; cram, pack; troðask - crowd upon each other (v) troða
wall (m) veggr, wægg (‡)
wall made of planks, wall of boards borðveggr
wall of a sheepfold (m) kvía-garðr
wall of boards, wall made of planks borðveggr
wall of rock (n) vegg-berg
wall of the hall (m) skála-veggr
wall, partition (m) bálkr
walls or foundations of a (former) building; homestead (f) topt
wander about (as a shepherd with his sheep), roam (v) flakka
wane, decrease, diminish, grow less (v) þverra
waning of the moon (f) niþ (‡)
want of luck (n) hamingju-leysi
want, wish, will, be willing; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) vilja
war on, make war (v) stridha (dd) (‡)
war, battle (n) strīth (‡), striith (‡)
war, hostility; strife (m) ó-friðr
war, troop-slaying, battle (between armies) fólcvíg
war-arrow (f) herǫr
warden; guard, watch; coastguard, watchman (m) vorðr, vörðr
warder, watcher (m) varð-maðr
warder; hostage; bailiff (m) gísl
wardrobe; treasury (n) fata-búr (‡)
wares, trade goods, articles of trade (m) kaupeyrir
warfare, harrying (m) herskapr
warlike, daring, courageous, or bold man or woman; dauntless man, gallant fellow (term of endearment) (m) garpr
warm (adj) varmr
warn; varask við - avoid, shun (v) vara
warning (f) varnan
warning (m) varnaðr
warning (m) varnaðr
warning (n) for-órth
warrior jǫru-fægir
warrior (m) hermaðr
warrior gods; gods of battle (m pl) val-tivar
warrior, man (m) rekkr
warrior, man of battle (m) orrostumaðr
warrior, 'spear-ash' (m) eski-askr
warrior, 'sword-Frey' (m) sverð-Freyr
warrior; bold man, gallant fellow (m) drengr
warrior; man; boy; hero (m) seggr
warrior-king (m) herknungr
warship langskip
war-sling (f) val-slǫngva
wary, careful (adj) gætinn
wary; aware; var við - aware of; varr um sik - on one's guard; verð varr - become aware of, hear; varð ekki vart við þá - nothing was seen of them varr
was (v) var, war (‡)
was boiled (v) søzs (‡)
was not (v) vas-a
wash (v) leyðra
wash (v) þvá
waste away (v) morna (að)
waste; spend; do away with, destroy; make empty; lay waste; eyðask - be squandered, come to naught (v) eyða (dd)
watch over, guard, attend to, tend; take care of; keep watch; fá alls gætt - take care of everything (v) gæta (tt)
watch, guard; warden; coastguard, watchman (m) vorðr, vörðr
watch, keep, preserve, defend (v) varð-veita
watch; awake (be awake), stay awake (v) vaka
watch; guard (v) geyma
watch; guard against (v) varða (að)
watcher, warder (m) varð-maðr
watchman, coastguard; guard, watch; warden (m) vorðr, vörðr
water, sea logr
water; lake; waterway; river (n) vatn, watn (‡)
water; pour; sprinkle; ladle; (mid.) stream, flow; ausa bát - bail a boat (v) ausa
waterfall (m) fors
waterfall, force (m) foss
waterway; water; lake; river (n) vatn, watn (‡)
wattle partition or wall (m) vand-bálkr
wave uðr
wave (f) unnr
wave, swing (v) veifa
wave; bay, creek; sea (m) vágr
wax, grow, grow big, increase; grown up; vaxinn - overgrown with (v) vaxa
way (of going on), means of existence; resort, refuge vera
way where men pass, road (m) manna-vegr
way, journey; road, path; manner, fashion (f) leið
way, path (m) stígr
way, path, road (f) gata
way, respect; place, spot; abode, dwelling; stead, parcel of land; part; nema stað - halt; annars staðr - elsewhere (m) staðr
way, road; journey; glory, honor; direction; side; dimension; mode, manner; þann veg - thus, so, in that way; annan veg - otherwise; einn veg - in the same way; þan wegin (‡) - in the same way (m) vegr, vægher (‡)
way; manner; mind, temper; mood; nature; character; á þess lund - in this manner (f) lund
waylay, wait in ambush; signify, amount to; undergo, suffer; bring about, cause; hverju þetta sætti - what was the cause of this (v) sæta (tt)
we (pron) vér, wī (‡)
we (pron) wī (‡)
we (two) (pron) vit
weak (adj) órikr
weak (adj) ósterkligr
weak; feeblehearted, 'without strength', pithless (adj) þrótt-lauss
weaken (give way at the knees) (v) kikna (að)
wealth (too great wealth) (f) øf-rīkt (‡)
wealth, possessions (f) auðœfi
wealth, treasure, riches; precious objects auðr
wealth; cattle; sheep; money; possessions (n)
wealthy man, great man, prominent man, man of power (m) ríkismaðr
wealthy, rich; auðigr at fé - very wealthy (adj) auðigr
weapon (n) skóð
weapon (n) vápn
weapon (steeled weapon); steel (n) stál
weapon, iron (n) jarn, járn
weapon dead, killed by weapons (adj) vápndauðir
weaponless (adj) vápnlauss
weapons (military) (n pl) hervápn
wear; have; hold, keep, possess; take; accept; have intercourse with; bring, take, get; carry; hold to be true, believe; uppi haft - often mentioned; hafa sik spakan, hafa kyrt um sik - remain quiet; hafa nær - come near to; hafa í hendi - hold in one's hand; hafa með sér - bring with one; hafa nær - expose one to (peril); hafa hátt- make an outcry; hafa ilt af - get ill treatment from; hafa fram(mi) - carry on, perform; bring forward; hafa til (or fyrir) - use for; vera haft til - be the ground for (an accusation); hafa fyrir - hold to be; hauæs for (‡) - to be considered to be; hafask lind fyrir - hold shield before one (v) hafa (ð)
wearer of necklace, lady (f) menn-skurð (‡)
weariness, exhaustion (f) mœði
weary, tired; fury, wrath (m) móðr
weather; wind; storm (n) veðr
weave (v) vefa
weaving; web (in the loom); thrusting (of spears) (m) vefr
web (in the loom); weaving; thrusting (of spears) (m) vefr
wedding feast; wedding; ganga at brullaupi með - marry (n) brullaup, bruð-laup
week; vika fyrr - a week earlier; (f) vika
weep (v) gráta
weep; sorrow; be disheartened (v) syrgja (ð)
weigh; stand (firm); stay, remain; stick; rest, stop; befit, become; catch, overtake; get up; take up a position; stand in ranks; be in a remain valid; place; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; standa af - be caused by; standa fast - stand firm; standa í - be engaged in; be fixed in; standa í sigreip - sit a horse, ride; standa undir - be subject to; support to; standa upp - stand up (from seat); get up from bed; standa uppi - be aground (ship/sailing term); standa við - stand leaning against; standa við - withstand, resist; standa yfir - last; exist; æighi verr standa - be none the worse for it; svá sem straumr stœði - like a rushing torrent; standask á - stand opposite; þat stœðisk mjǫk svá - (they believed that) they thus were directly opposite each other; standask við - defy (v) standa
weird, (dire) fate; one of the three Norns; undoing, ruin (n); fates, powers of fate (n pl) urðr
welcome, rejoice at; glad (to be glad) (v) fagna (að)
well; spring; burn (m) brunnr
well; very; gladly, readily, easily; vel kominn - welcome; vel at sér - nobleminded, gifted, capable; vel flestir - almost any, nearly all; vel hvat - everything (adv) vel
well-attended; crowded, in a large group, numerous; with many people (adj) fjǫlmennr, fjölmennr
well-bred, accomplished (adj) menntr
well-bred, courteous (adj) kurteiss
well-disposed, reliable (adj) tillagagoðr
well-informed (especially in history), wise, clever (adj) fróðr
well-informed in good traditions óljúg-fróðr
well-knit, well-prepared, staunch (adj) harðsnúinn
well-known, famous (adj) frægr
well-prepared, well-knit, staunch (adj) harðsnúinn
welter; lie (v) þrumði
were (v) váru, vóro (‡)
were fighting; rēwo (‡) - tore (v) rēuus (‡)
were not (v) váru-t
wergeld, ransom or compensation for a dead otter, Otter's ransom (n pl) otrgjöld
wergeld, ransom or compensation for a dead son (n pl) sonargjöld
wergeld, ransom, or compensation for a dead brother (n pl) bróðurgjöld
wergild, the legal value of a man's life (m) wereidi (‡)
wergild; tribute; payment; reward; tax; compensation (n) gjald
West Vestri
west (of); western; from the west; bearing to the west; fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) vestan
west (the west) (f) vestr-ætt
west (the west) (n); westward (adv); fyrir vestan - westward; vestr um haf - west over the ocean (to Britain); vestan at ánni - on the west side of the river vestr
west, i.e., towards the British Isles and beyond, lit the western ways (m pl) vestrvegir
western (adj) vestrœnn
western; from the west; west (of); bearing to the west; fyrir vestan haf - west over the sea; (adv) vestan
Westlands, the British Isles and France (n pl) Vestrlönd
westward (adv) vestr
wet (adj) vaather (‡)
wet (adj) vátr
wet (to wet), stain (v) væta (tt)
wether, gelded sheep (m) geldingr
whale (large baleen whale), rorqual (f) reyðr
whale (m) hvalnum
whale (m) hvalr
whale-rib (n) hvalrif
what is said, saga, legend; story; history; saga til - a story about (f) saga
what; vel hvat - everything; hvat sem - whatever (pron) hvat
what; who, which?; each, every, all; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) hverr
whatsoever hvatki
wheat-field (m) hveitiakr
when (conj) þá er
when, if; but, and; than; þá en - when; en at - than that (conj) en
when; near, nearer, nearly, close to, close by, closely; næst - nearer, next; því næst - thereupon, next; þessu næst - after this; þat er nú þessu næst at - the next event to be told is that (adv) nær
when; who, which, that; where; as; redundant; is (conj) er
when; who; which; as; as if, that; while; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
whence, from where, from everywhere (adv) hvaðan
where (to where), whither; hvert er - whithersoever (adv) hvert
where; everywhere; hvar sem - wherever (adv) hvar
where; who, which, that; when; as; redundant; is (conj) er
where; who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
whet, incite, goad, egg on, urge; láta at aeggjask - yield to urging (v) eggja (að)
whet, sharpen; encourage (v) hvetja
whether; (introduces direct question); however; hvart er - can it be? (adv) hvárt
whether; if; (to see) if; lest (conj) ef
whoever; he who (pron) hwilkæn (‡)
whey (sour whey) (f) sýra
which, who, that; when; where; as; redundant; is (conj) er
which; who; as; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
which?, who; what; each, every, all; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) hverr
while (a while), a time; time; period of time; hour; af stundu - in a (short) while; stundum - sometimes; fyrir stundu - a short time ago (f) stund
while, as long as, whilst; in the meantime (adv) meðan
while, time; storm; attack, battle; onset; um hrið - for a time; storm; onset, attack (f) hríð
while; who; which; as; as if, that; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
whilst, while, as long as; in the meantime (adv) meðan
whir, din, thunder, resound, whistle (of wings), whizz; pour, shower (v) dynja
whir; resound (v) dunði
whisker (n) granahár
whisper (v) kvisa (að)
whistle (of wings), din, thunder, resound, whir, whizz; pour, shower (v) dynja
white (arctic) fox (m) mel-rakki
white fair bleikr
white membrane of an egg (n) skjall
white, shining (adj) hvítr
whither, to where; hvert er - whithersoever (adv) hvert
whizz; din, thunder, resound, whir, whistle (of wings); pour, shower (v) dynja
who (pron) ær (‡)
who, that thær (‡)
who, which, that; when; where; as; redundant; is (conj) er
who, which?; what; each, every, all; ein hverr - any one (of several) (pron) hverr
who; which; as; as if, that; while; when; where; (with superlative) as … as possible; jafn ... sem - equal to; sem lengst - as soon (as long) as possible; hvat sem - whatever; þar sem - where, whereas (conj) sem
whoever, he who (pron) sá er
whole length of (adj) endlangr
whole night long (adv) nátt-langt
whole, complete; hale; sound, safe; healthy, unscathed, in health; healed; blessed, happy; eivi heill - pregnant (adj) heill
wholesome counsel (n) heil-ræði
whom (to whom) hwæim (‡)
whom (to whom, for whom) (pron) hveim
whoredom, adultery (m) hórdómr
why? (adv) hví
wicked, vile, wretched; poor, unfortunate, unhappy (adj) armr
wicker house (n) vandalhús
wicker-work shield or barrier (m) flaki
wide (adj) víðr
widely, far and wide, in many places; extensively (adv) víða
widely-known, famous (adj) víðfrægr
widow (f) ekkja
wield; steer, command, direct, rule, govern; manage; own; swing; sér stýrt til bana - it would be his death (v) stýra (ð)
wife (f) cuna (‡)
wife (f) kván
wife (f) vorð, vǫrð
wife (house wife) (f) hūs-frūghæ (‡)
wife, woman (n) víf
wife; bride, young married woman (f) brúðr
wife; woman (f) kona
wild beast; animal; deer (n) dýr
wild, erring, astray; vasa villr staðar - was rightly placed villr
wild, untamed (adj) ótambær (‡), ótam (f) (‡)
wilderness ó-bygð
wild-fire, flame (m) villi-eldr
will be; will, shall; be sure to; be about to; would, must (probability); might (v) munu
will not mun-a, mun-at
will, desire, disposition (m) vili
will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; would, must (probability); might (v) munu
will, want, wish, be willing; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) vilja
William (personal name); Vilhjálmr bastarðr - William the Conqueror, illegitimate son of Robert Longsword (m) Vilhjálmr
willing (adj) lostigr
willing, eager (adj) gjarn
willing, eager; eager for (adj) fuss, fúss
willingly (adv) gjarna, gjarnan
win over; explain, interpret, interpret as; signify; equalize (make equivalent); þýðask - assocate with (v) þýða (dd)
win, earn (v) ǫðlask, öðlask
win, gain; work; perform, do, accomplish; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
win; overcome; gain the victory (v) sigra
wind about; throw, fling (v) slyngva, slungnir
wind from the north (n) norðan-veðr
wind, air (m) vindr
wind, hoist; twist, wring, squeeze; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) vinda
wind, twist; ríða knút - tie a knot (v) ríða
wind; weather; storm (n) veðr
windlass, 'winding pole' (ship/sailing term) (m) vind-áss
window (f) gluggr
wine [from Lat. vinum] (n) vín
wing (m) vængr
wink, sidelong glance augabragð
winter day (day of winter) (m) vetrar-dagr
winter; í vetr - last winter; um vetrinn - for the winter (m) vetr (rar)
wipe, stroke, rub; caress; smooth, brush (v) strjúka
wisdom; branch of learning, body of knowledge (f) speki
wisdom; peace (f) spekð
wise (of a woman), very wise, sagacious (adj) alsnotr
wise (very wise), wise in many ways marg-spakr
wise in counsel (adj) raðsnjallr
wise in season happ-fróðr
wise, certain; known; til víss, fyrir víst - for certain; vita hvers víss yrði - find out for certain; veggbergs vísir - frequenters of the rocks, knowing the precipice; at vísu, víst - certainly, in truth (adj) víss
wise, clever (adj) snotr (ran)
wise, clever, well-informed (especially in history) (adj) fróðr
wise, intelligent (adj) vitr (ran)
wise, learned; quiet (adj) spakr
wise, sensible (adj) horskr
wise; known; versed in magic; honum var kunnigt í - he had knowledge of (adj) kunnigr
wise; swift (adj) svinnr
wish, want, will, be willing; intend; desire a service of one; vilja at - wish to attack; vil-k-at - I do not wish; oss vil ekki annat - we shall get nothing else (v) vilja
wit, wits, intelligence, sense, understanding (n) vit
witch (skin-changing witch) (f) ham-hleypa
witch, 'she who dwells in the wood', giantess íviðia
witch, sorceress, soothsayer; prophetess, seeress (f) vǫlva, völva
with dignity, courteously (adv) kurteisliga
with many men marg-mennr
with respect to; onto, on; to, towards; upon; at, in; by (means of); during; in the manner of; in the course of (prep); onwards (adv) á
with roving eyes (adv) laus-eygr
with the material of; out of, from; of; from inside of; made of; using (as material); vera ór - be made of; þar ór - out of it (prep) ór
white headdress (with white headdress) hvít-faldinn
with; by, near; at one's place; beside, at the side of; compared with; close by (prep) hjá
with; from, out of; concerning; because of (prep) af
with; with (in the sense of bringing, carrying or forcing); bringing, carrying; with (in the sense of accompanying or togetherness); along with; using; by means of; among; along; peace (in peace); þar meðr - as well, also; vera með - stay with; vera ilt með - it goes ill with one; með því at - inasmuch as, because; sigla með landi - sail along the coast (prep) með
within the house; within, inside; in-doors (adv) inni
within the land, at home (as opposed to abroad) (adv) innanlands
within, in; at (position); during (time); among; into (motion), onto; í því - at this, thereupon; í annat sinn - (for) a second time; inn í - into (prep) í
within, inside; in-doors; within the house (adv) inni
within; in, into (motion toward) (adv) inn
within; into (prep) innan
without (prep) án
without compensation, unatoned ú-gildær (‡)
without crying out (adv) ó-œpandi
without effect, purposeless, lit errand-less (adj) ørendislauss
without fear ótta-lauss
without fear, unafraid (adj) óhræddr
without feathers, featherless (adj) fjaðralauss
without flaw in procedure miskviða-laust
without flaw, correct (adj) rétt-ligr
without injury (adv) klakk-laust
without mail, mail-less, unarmored, unprotected (adj) brynjulauss
without punishment (adv) refsinga-laust
without purpose, in vain, for nothing; fara ørendislaust - go in vain, without a purpose or reason (adv) ørendislaust
without truce griða-lauss
without; outside (of); externally; beyond; from without; um útan - around it; fyr útan - outside; (adv); utæn (‡) - beyond, without; except (prep); but (conj) útan
witless, having little good sense (adj) vit-lítill
witness (m) váttr
witness (n) vitni
witness summons, calling of witnesses (f) vátt-nefna
wives, women (f pl) kvenna
wolf Gjalpar skær
wolf (m) freki
wolf (m) ulfr, úlf, ulv (‡)
wolf (m) vargr
wolf; carrion beast (n) valdr, val-dýr
wolf-age (f) varg-ǫld
woman fljóð
woman, wife (n) víf
woman; wife (f) kona
womanish, cowardly, effeminate, (passively) homosexual (adj) argr
woman's cloak (f) kvenn-skikkja
women (n) kvennalið
women, wives (f pl) kvenna
women's clothing (f pl) kvennváðir
wonder at, be astonished (at); marvel at, be amazed at (v) undrask (að)
wonders (great wonders); mystery, sacrament; notable thing (n pl) stórmerki
wondrous thing, marvel (n) undr
wondrous, strange (adj) kyn-ligr
wondrous, strange (adj) undar-ligr
wondrously, strangely (adv) undar-liga
wood (a type of wood) (m) búss
wood (block of wood); wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame; ski; snow-skate; stick; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) skíð
wood (summer wood) (i.e. wood collected in summer for charcoal as opposed to wood for heating purposes in winter) (m) sumar-viðr
wood, forest (m) skógr
wood, forest; well-wooded land (m) skóg-land
wood, woodland, forest; rough, stony hill or ridge (n) holt
wood; tree; beam; forest; timber (m) viðr
wood; tree; log, beam (n) tré
wood-cutter (nickname) (f) tré-telgja
wooden beam; log, plank, piece of wood; base of an anvil (m) stokkr
wooden plank dividing up or marking the edge of the set; beam (the partition beam from a hall) (m) setstokkar
wooden pole or beam (for drying the washing) (m) vað-áss
wooden staff, stick; pole, timber; crozier (m) stafr
wooden tablet or stave; wood (block of wood); one of the boards forming a door frame; ski; snow-skate; stick; skið Atals grundar - ship, 'ski of the land of Atal' (n) skíð
woodland, wood, forest; rough, stony hill or ridge (n) holt
wood-pile; pile of wood (m) viðar-kǫstr
wool (f) ull
word of praise (n) lofs-orð
word; speech; conversation; message; repute, fame, report; í öðru orði - at the same time, likewise, lit in a second word; gøra orð á - make a tale of; varð þeim ekki at orði - they had nothing to say (n) orð
wordless (of few words) fá-máligr, fá-málugr
words of envy, slander (n pl) öfundarorð
words or sounds of despair; fear; despair, despondency (f) æðra
words, spell, tiding (n); tale (pl) spiall
work (m) verknaðr
work (v) starfa
work (v) starfa (að)
work, do, perform (v) orka
work, do; help, assist; týði ekki - it was of no avail (v) týja
work, esp cultivate; compose (verses); yrka á - set about; attack one another; yrkisk á um - it begins (v) yrkja
work, occupation (f) iðn
work, task (f) iðja
work, trouble (n) starf
work; business (f) sýsla
work; deed (n) verk
work; win, gain; perform, do, accomplish; conquer, overcome; vinna herskap á - win battles against; vinnask - win or gain for oneself; vinnask til - last, suffice; ekki fyrir unnit - nothing had been done to prepare for it; vinna sóma fyrir - pay recompense for (v) vinna
workbuilding (f) smíð
work-horses, team of work-horses (n pl) øk (‡)
world (f) ver-ǫld, ver-öld
world, earth (f) fold
world, earth; ground, soil; land (f) jörð, jǫrð
world, earth; region; heima í millim, í milli heims ok heljar - between life and death (m) heimr
worm, snake, serpent; eitr ormr - poisonous serpent (m) ormr
worried, distressed, anxious (adj) hugsjúkr
worse (adv) verr
worse; hit verra - the worst course, evil (adj) verri
worship; worship with sacrifice; sacrifice, sacrifice in worship; curse (v) blóta
worshipful, noble, distingished (adj) göfugr
worst (adj) verstr, værster (‡)
worst; sem verst - as bad as it can be; as bad as possible (adv) verst
worth relating frásagnarverðr
worth, fitting; deserving, worthy of; fitting; minna vert - less wonderful; þótti mikils um vert um þetta verk - it seemed a deed of great account (adj) verðr
worth; price (n) verð
worthily, meritoriously (adv) hēdher-līca (‡)
worthless wretch (m) auvirði
worthless wretch (m) auvirðis-maðr
worthy, fine, great; of great value; valued at (adj) gildr
would, must (probability); will, shall; be sure to; be about to; will be; might (v) munu
wound (f) und
wound (mortal) (f) ben
wound (n) sár, saar (‡)
wound (v) særa
wound (v) sārga (aþ) (‡)
wound (v) sœra (ð)
wound in a vital part (n) hol-sár
wound (spor Dags hriðar - wound); track, trail, footprint; step, foothold (n) spor
wounded; painful, sore (adj) sárr
wound-engraver (m) bengrefill
wrap, encircle; sweep; swing (v) sveipa (ð, að)
wrap, entangle (v) vefja
wrath, anger; af reiði - in anger, out of anger (f) reiði
wrath, fury; weary, tired (m) móðr
wreck (ship/sailing term) (n) skipflak
wreck, driftage, a thing drifted ashore; jetsam (m) reki
wreck; drive, herd; drive onto shore; avenge, take vengeance for; depose; thrust; reka af þér - clear yourself of; reka landi - drive from the land, send into exile; reka flótta - pursue a fleeing force; reka frá - depose, clear away; reka rétta - take due vengeance; perform, do (an errand); reka spor - follow tracks or footprints; rekinn blóði - blood-stained (v) reka, vrækæ (‡)
wreckage or pieces of (Greenland) canoes (n) keipla-brot
wrestle; get, take, procure; grasp; marry; put, give, deliver; catch; have, make use of; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; take place; struggle; take part in; move, affect; fekk konu - got married (lit got a wife); fá góðar viðtökur - be welcomed well; fáum aiga - we shall get; fá til - bring forward, provide (for) (v)
wrestling (f) glíma
wrestling, contest; grasp, catch, hold; provisions; breast; hafa fult fang - have all one can do; taka fang - wrestle (n) fang
wretched, ill-favored (adj) ó-sælligr
wretched, needy; poor (adj) válaðr
wretched, pathetic, miserable; (exclamation of impatience) (adj) vesall
wretched, poor (adj) fátœkr
wretched, shameful, bitter, harsh (adj) herfiligr
wretched, vile, wicked; poor, unfortunate, unhappy (adj) armr
wring, twist, squeeze; wind, hoist; turn, swing; vindask - make a sudden movement to turn oneself away; vinda segl - hoist sail (ship/sailing term)(v) vinda
write (v) skrīuæ (‡)
write, compose; make, build; make a story of; give, offer; act, do; become, turn out, happen; gøra meira af sér - give a better account of oneself; gøra til - prepare; earn; gøra til saka við - commit offenses against one; gøra við - prevent; send; cause (to be); gøra sik djarfan - display boldness; gørask á - arise; gørask af - arise from; gørask til - take trouble; gøra sek til - resort to (v) gøra
write; scratch, cut; cut runes (v) ríta
write; scrifwaz (‡) - it is written (v) skrifa (að)
wrong, unrighteous wrōngær (‡), wranger (‡)
wrong; crooked, unjust; false (adj) rangr
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
yank, pull violently (v) hnykkja (ð, t)
yard (ship/sailing term) siglura
yard, enclosed space; farmyard, enclosure; court; fence; dwelling-place; stronghold, castle (m) garðr
yawn, gape (v) gína
year; (good) season (n) ár
yell, howl (v) ýla, yla
yell, scream; bellow; twang (of a bowstring) (v) gjalla
yeller, screamer gellir
yellow-beaked (adj) nef-fǫlr
yeoman army (n) bónda-lið
yeoman, franklin; husband; farmer; head of a household (m) bóndi
yes
yet not (adv) þeygi
yet, and yet; however, nevertheless; þo at, þótt - though, even if (adv) þó
yet; still; also; further; again; moreover; even (adv) enn
Yggdrasil, name of the World Tree (m) Yggdrasill
yield, concede; put, place, set; let, allow, permit; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound; have something done; dead, deceased; láta af - take off; láta á land - put ashore; láta fram - let go, yield, hand over; láta sem - pretend, make or behave as if, lit let on as if, láta upp - open; láta í haf, láta út - put to sea; láta at landi - put in to land; let, allow; skyldi eigi láta verða - (they) should not allow it to happen; láta laust - let go; lét sér ekki feilask - did not falter; concede, yield; láta við - answer (prayer); láta eptir - give way to a pull; leave; leave behind; láta af - leave off, give up, lose; láta w. infin. cause to be done, have done, command to be done; cause or make one do a thing; látið eigi stórliga yfir uðr - do not behave arrogantly; láta sem - behave as if, pretend that; say, declare; láta ørvænt - declare it unlikely; létu sér eigi annars ván - said they expected nothing else; láta sem - allege that, confess that; láta hátt - make a loud noise; láta látum - make sounds (v) láta
yield, pay; give, grant; help; (recip.) back one another; veita etgǫngu - assault; veita dreið - charge with cavalry against; veita bana - be the slayer of (v) veita (tt), wēta (ath) (‡), waita (‡)
yield, sink (ship/sailing term) (v) siga (að)
yield; sink gently down; glide, move slowly (v) síga
Ymir (personal name), a giant (m) Ymir
Yngvi (personal name) Yngvi
you (pron pl) þér
you (pron) ér
you (pron) ī (‡)
you (pron) yðr
you (pron) ykkr
you are, thou art þú'st, þú est
you two (pron) it
you, thou (pron) þú
you; you two (pron) þit
young (adj) ungr
your, of you (pl pron) yð(v)arr
your, of you two (adj) ykkarr
your; thy, thine, of you (pron) þinn
youth (f) œska
youth (n) ung-menni
Yule, midwinter heathen feast, later applied to Christmas (n pl) jól
English ---    Top a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z Old Norse --- Top a æ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v w y z þ
Zealand, Sjælland in modern Danish (place name) (n) Sjáland
Zoe, Empress Zoe the Great, c. 978 – 1050 AD, Byzantine Empress (f) Zóe dróttning in ríka
zombie, undead, (one who walks after death) (m) aptrgǫngu-maðr
Sources   © For information contact Jack Garrett at info@vikingsofbjornstad.com